Standards of Living Essay -- Economics Essays

Standards of Living In Stone Age Economics Marshall Sahlins contrasts the economic strategy of industrial societies to hunter-gatherer societies. In doing so he dispels designer ideas that hunter-gatherer societies be poor, unhappy and hungry. He explains this by asserting a number of relevant points. First, in an industrial society, a persons wants are extremely high, while his/her means are limited. Industrial products are created to close this gap between wants and means. In a hunter-gatherer society (the Zen road to affluence as Sahlins describes it), a persons wants are low, while the technical means to satisfy these wants are adequate. In this case the standard of living is low compared to industrial societies but the people are satisfied when it comes to material objects. In their eyes they have plenty (Sahlins, 19722). Prior to the 1970s many believed that hunter-gatherer societies were poor and unhappy. Westerners believed that these groups lived inadequately with scarce resources. However, Sahlins states that it is modernistic capitalist societies that are dealing with scarcity as they have placed such an emphasis on material goods. Consumption in this case has mastermind to inadequacy and eventually deprivation in industrial societies (Sahlins, 19724). In Sahlins example every purchase of something is a foregoing of something else (Sahlins, 19724). However, in a hunter-gatherer society, there is no such thing as material wealth, and therefore no deprivation, or unhappiness. Hunters are in business for their health. . . bow and arrow are adequate to that destruction (Sahlins, 19725). In hunter-gatherer societies, material wealth has become a burden as it suppresses their highly mobile life-style. In this... ... and alcohol. All of these factors have altered their mobile, reciprocal charge of life and has brought on many conflicts as well as a stationery life. The results of these changes emphasize how the Ju (and other hunter-gath erer groups) have maintained a successful lifestyle by mobility and foraging. Their standard of living has dropped with the onset of western ideas and technologies. Many of them remember the old vogue of life, but how will they return to that? I feel that it is essential to learn from the Ju and other hunter-gatherer groups. Not everyone can live as we, in the technological, highly industrial, capitalistic society, can. My question is, as different parts of the world are influenced by capitalism can governments support hunter-gatherers in a capitalistic society and will there ever be a return to this way of life by people like the Ju/hoansi?

Cards of Fortune :: Free Essays Online

Cards of Fortune I suppose in a way Tonia is right, life isnt worth living, if both(prenominal) of us arent there to see it, together. Thats what twins do after all. They are an intrinsical part of each others life, ceasing to exist without the second. But, I notice that were drifting apart(predicate), separated by this something, intangible, unnamable, and yet more potent than all of our past put together. I can remember how as superficial girls we played together. There were no other children with the troupe, and even when we passed the towns well, the children were never friendly, preferring to fear and call names. But Tonia, she was always there to play with, to laugh with, to cry with. compete by the fire, dancing under the moon, we were eccentric children, not given to the usual childhood games, preferring instead to talk quietly, and whisper our secrets, scarcely it was always us, together, until now. One of our front-runner games was to confuse Septemi us, the poor man he always did have trouble telling us apart. But then, we were children at the time, and not given over to lamentable about the troubles of a grown man. Poor, dear, Septemius, even now I can sense his thoughts, and hes worried, as I am. He knows that Tonia is growing apart from us, and every so often, Ill catch him grimaceing at her, realizing the distance thats growing, between her and me, between all of us, and I see that look of scare off sadness in his eyes. I think he sees mother in her, in us rather. I remember the look he gives her now, and its the look he had when my mother left. People tend to think children do not remember such things, that in their happy nave lives they dont understand, but I knew then, as I do now, that mother broke his heart. And as much as Septemius grieves for Tonias departure from the family, and through that grieves still for the loss of the muliebrity he once knew, so do I grieve. And, yet, somehow I feel my sadness de eper, a sharper pain, for it is not the loss of an abstract family member, or even a sister, it is the loss of part of myself.

Planning a 12 week scheme of work Essay -- essays research papers

PGCE Assignment 2 Planning a 12 week dodge of work. originationThis assignment has been designed to plan and produce a twelve week scheme of work in association with Unit 1 BTEC ND e-Media product course. The course is designed to develop learners skills and knowledge in reading, analysing and deconstructing of e-media. Reece and Walker (2000) discuss, there atomic number 18 several building blocks to be considered when planning for effective discipline. I forget discuss the sections of the planning process that need to be considered planning for a lesson.Lesson content and building blocks of lesson planning.The methodology of Teaching and attainment.The theories of learning and what influences planning.Assessment through and through the consumption of a self-evaluation pro-forma.Motivational and Equal Opportunities issues.Self Evaluation.Lesson content and building blocks of lesson planningBenjamin Bloom developed an analysis of academic learning behaviours in the sports stad ium of education, known as Blooms Taxonomy. These behaviours were categorized into three interrelated and overlapping learning domains Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor domains. In this section I testament describes in point each of these three learning domains.The Cognitive DomainThe Cognitive Domain is a persons intellectual ability. Cognitive learning behaviours are characterized by observable and unobservable skills such as comprehending information, organizing ideas, and evaluating information and actions. There are six trains of intellectual behaviour important in learning within the cognitive domain1.Knowledge is a starting point that includes both the acquisition of information and the ability to recall information when needed.2.Comprehension is the grassroots level of understanding. It involves the ability to know what is being communicated in order to make use of the information. 3.Application is the ability to use a learned skill in a new situation.4.Analysis sepa rates information into part for better understanding. 5.Synthesis is the ability to combine existing ele... ...es Recommended Reading http//www.ac.wwu.edu/assess/slo.htm Other Sites oExplorations in learn & Instruction The Theory Into Practice Database (Taxonomy) oBlooms Taxonomy The Teaching and Educational Development Institute oBloom Resources ohttp//www.reach.ucf.edu/acg4401/Handouts/blooms.htm ohttp//www.stedwards.edu/cte/bloomtax.htm ohttp//www.aphs.sa.edu.au/soc_env/skills/bloom.html ohttp//its.foxvalley.tec.wi.us/iss/curric-assessment/COLUMN.html ohttp//www-ee.eng.hawaii.edu/tep/EE367/ chicken coop/bloom.html ohttp//www.utexas.edu/student/lsc/handouts/1414.html ohttp//www.cityu.edu/facultystaff/teachingtips.asp Teaching Tips, City University (Bellevue, WA) oGuide to Theories of Learning oInternet Resources for Higher Education Outcomes Assessment http//www2.acs.ncsu.edu/UPA/assmt/resource.htm Planning a 12 week scheme of work Essay -- essays research paper s PGCE Assignment 2 Planning a 12 week scheme of work.IntroductionThis assignment has been designed to plan and produce a twelve week scheme of work in association with Unit 1 BTEC ND e-Media Production course. The course is designed to develop learners skills and knowledge in reading, analysing and deconstructing of e-media. Reece and Walker (2000) discuss, there are several building blocks to be considered when planning for effective learning. I will discuss the sections of the planning process that need to be considered planning for a lesson.Lesson content and building blocks of lesson planning.The methodology of Teaching and learning.The theories of learning and what influences planning.Assessment through the use of a self-evaluation pro-forma.Motivational and Equal Opportunities issues.Self Evaluation.Lesson content and building blocks of lesson planningBenjamin Bloom developed an analysis of academic learning behaviours in the field of education, known as Blooms Taxonomy. Thes e behaviours were categorized into three interrelated and overlapping learning domains Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor domains. In this section I will describes in point each of these three learning domains.The Cognitive DomainThe Cognitive Domain is a persons intellectual ability. Cognitive learning behaviours are characterized by observable and unobservable skills such as comprehending information, organizing ideas, and evaluating information and actions. There are six levels of intellectual behaviour important in learning within the cognitive domain1.Knowledge is a starting point that includes both the acquisition of information and the ability to recall information when needed.2.Comprehension is the basic level of understanding. It involves the ability to know what is being communicated in order to make use of the information. 3.Application is the ability to use a learned skill in a new situation.4.Analysis separates information into part for better understanding. 5.Synthe sis is the ability to combine existing ele... ...es Recommended Reading http//www.ac.wwu.edu/assess/slo.htm Other Sites oExplorations in Learning & Instruction The Theory Into Practice Database (Taxonomy) oBlooms Taxonomy The Teaching and Educational Development Institute oBloom Resources ohttp//www.reach.ucf.edu/acg4401/Handouts/blooms.htm ohttp//www.stedwards.edu/cte/bloomtax.htm ohttp//www.aphs.sa.edu.au/soc_env/skills/bloom.html ohttp//its.foxvalley.tec.wi.us/iss/curric-assessment/COLUMN.html ohttp//www-ee.eng.hawaii.edu/tep/EE367/Coop/bloom.html ohttp//www.utexas.edu/student/lsc/handouts/1414.html ohttp//www.cityu.edu/facultystaff/teachingtips.asp Teaching Tips, City University (Bellevue, WA) oGuide to Theories of Learning oInternet Resources for Higher Education Outcomes Assessment http//www2.acs.ncsu.edu/UPA/assmt/resource.htm

Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Essay -- creativity, liveliness of m

Grappling with Creative BlockMy mind is at times a broken record impeccant of nuance. But when I walk outside into the morning sunlight today, the air tastes like smoke. That minute difference jostles my mind. In that moment, I, no longer preoccupied with inherent tensions, savor the spirited atmosphere of people hurrying about, the underlying brick road and overlying partly cloudy sky. I hurry to preserve these thoughts, as I feel the inspiration already evaporating from my grasp. Dong Dong Dong The gong reverberates to calendar methodic drum beats. The majestic lions eyes slowly open, and their ears and feet twitch languidly. Da-da dum. Da-da dum. Da-da dum... Da, Da da, Da dum, Da Dum, DA DUM Inside each lion, two dancers spring to life and explode with power and energy. In the background, instrumentalists conduct drums, cymbals, and a gong into an unstoppable, steady rhythm that elicit the lions liveliness. Da, Da, Dum. Da, Da da, Dum. The lion heads sweep down toward the floo r in a circular motion and punctuate the air with its presence, warding away evil spirits. gymnastic martial arts moves, such as towers that involve one dancer lifted on top of another, elicit excited gasps from the hearing. Lions then prowl among audience members in low walk, their noses muzzling surprised faces and eyes blinking ferociously. To summon good luck and fortune, lion dancers shower the audience with lettuce at the end of the performance. Even as the lions run across the stage in high walk and crumble into sleepiness once more, the energy of the performance still lingers in the airas lion dance has done since its inception approximately 1,500 years ago (Hulsbosch 112).April 5, 2014. 1000 AM. I and two fellow Columbia Lion Dance ... ...Kaufman, Scott Barry. The rattling Neuroscience of Creativity. Scientific American. Scientific American, 19 Aug 2013. Web. 7 Apr. 2014. .Khatchadourian, Raffi. Onward and Upward with the Arts in the Picture An Artists Global Experiment to Help People be Seen. spic-and-span Yorker. 28 Nov 2011 58-63. Web. 29 Mar. 2014. Montaigne, Michel De. Translated by J. M. Cohen. Essays. London, England. Penguin Books. 1958. Print. Taylor, Diana. You Are Here H.I.J.O.S. and the DNA of Performance. The Archive and the Repertoire Performing Cultural Memory in the Americas. Durham Duke University Press, 2003. 161-189. Print.

The Theory of Attributions Essay -- Psychology

Attributions are referred to as the causes of behaviour, and these can be viewed as dispositional or situational. Constructing attributions allows an understanding of others. This allows us to make judgments, which in turn allow us to form an tender of an single, which will either promote or inhibit our interaction with that individual. Attribution is an important aspect of compassionate behaviour, as it allows predications to be made with respect to forthcoming actions. Attribution explains human causal reasoning i.e. the idea that observed behaviour can be explained as being the result of a specific cause there is an explanation or a reason behind all observed behaviour. Attribution theorists not only focus on the actual causes of behaviour, but also upon the perceived causes too.The psychology discipline has conducted extensive research into attribution. Kelly and Michela (1980), reported over 900 attribution studies which were conducted in the 1970s. There are many Attribution theories that aim to unravel the causes of human reasoning. The three main theories to be discussed in this essay are Heider (1958), Kelley (1967) and Jones and Davis (1956).Attributions are referred to as the causes of behaviour these can be viewed as dispositional or situational. The Construction of attributions allows an understanding of others. This also assists make judgments which in turn allow us to form an impression of an individual, which will either promote or inhibit our interaction with the individual. Attribution is an important aspect of human behaviour, as this allows a predication of forthcoming actions. mankind causal reasoning is the idea that behaviour observed can be explained by a cause there is an explanation or a re... ...rey & Felman 1991Wilkening &Lamsful 1993). Gigerenzer (1991) suggests human use tools and methods similar to those employ by scientists. These theories have been effectual as they have been used as a foundation to develop more authe ntic improved theories. Social Psychology continues to advance therefore the research needs to be updated to the society we live in. The traditional attribution theories can be useful to the modern world but do not necessarily apply to all cultures and individuals. Theories must be able to be generalizable to the majority therefore individual differences must be taken into account when developing new theories. Although the theorists have been criticised for being simplistic and out-dated the ideas are very influential. The ideas from these traditional theories continue to be used as a foundation for the forthcoming theories.

The Theory of Attributions Essay -- Psychology

Attributions are referred to as the ca aims of deportment, and these can be viewed as dispositional or situational. Constructing attributions allows an understanding of others. This allows us to make judgments, which in beat allow us to form an impression of an individual, which entrust either promote or inhibit our interaction with that individual. Attribution is an important aspect of human behaviour, as it allows predications to be made with respect to forthcoming actions. Attribution explains human causative reasoning i.e. the idea that observed behaviour can be explained as beingness the result of a specific cause there is an explanation or a reason behind all observed behaviour. Attribution theorists not but focus on the actual causes of behaviour, but also upon the perceived causes too.The psychology discipline has conducted extensive research into attribution. Kelly and Michela (1980), reported over 900 attribution studies which were conducted in the 1970s. in that loc ation are many Attribution theories that aim to unravel the causes of human reasoning. The three main theories to be discussed in this essay are Heider (1958), Kelley (1967) and Jones and Davis (1956).Attributions are referred to as the causes of behaviour these can be viewed as dispositional or situational. The Construction of attributions allows an understanding of others. This also assists make judgments which in turn allow us to form an impression of an individual, which will either promote or inhibit our interaction with the individual. Attribution is an important aspect of human behaviour, as this allows a predication of forthcoming actions. Human causal reasoning is the idea that behaviour observed can be explained by a cause there is an explanation or a re... ...rey & Felman 1991Wilkening &Lamsful 1993). Gigerenzer (1991) suggests humans use tools and methods similar to those used by scientists. These theories have been useful as they have been used as a foundation to dev elop more current ameliorate theories. Social Psychology continues to advance therefore the research needs to be updated to the society we live in. The traditional attribution theories can be useful to the redbrick world but do not necessarily apply to all cultures and individuals. Theories must be able to be generalizable to the majority therefore individual differences must be taken into account when developing new theories. Although the theorists have been criticised for being simplistic and out-dated the ideas are very influential. The ideas from these traditional theories continue to be used as a foundation for the forthcoming theories.

A Blend of Tradition and the Contemporary

Music has always been a part of the rich Lebanese culture and has played a very important role in many religious traditions. The beautiful rhythm of Arabic tunes mixed with peculiar characteristics of gypsy practice of medicine in the country proved to be a capacious blend which resulted to a rich production of intensity that captivates listeners.The characteristic soothing rhythm and wild beats made Lebanese medicine known some the world. Traditional Lebanese music incorporates instruments such as the oud, the derbake and the ney. These instruments are still being incorporated to pop music that the new generation is enjoying today.The traditional music of Lebanon is usually sung in either Lebanese or Egyptian language. Aside from this, musicians, artists, utterers etc, differ on the way they incorporate music to their individual sound. The artists differ in so many ways. Some artists were known to differ in their music because of their Lebanese dialects. Most are distinct becau se of their style, their sound and instruments.Very few Lebanese musicians try to remain loyal to the traditional music which is called Jabali (of the mountains). One of which is Mohammed El Helani more popularly known as Assi Helani, who is a major music get in the Middle East since the 1990s. He is a strong musician and follower of the traditional music like mawall and dabke.Dabke, which is usually presented during important and joyous do such as weddings, family parties and competitions. This is a very energetic music which usually leaves the audience stomping their feet-which is the literal meaning of Dabke.Pop music on the other hand is not a new fancy among the Lebanese audience. The growing influence of the western culture made its way not only on Lebanese every day living but also on its music. Although western pop music is very distinct from Lebanese pop music because it fuses pop melodies and its pop-Arabic roots at the same time. The pop music of Lebanon also focuses on the melodramatic melodies and sad states of mind.Nancy Nabil Ajram is also a popular singer among the Lebanese people. A multi-platinum folk artist, Ajram is considered to be one of the most important superstars ranking 3rd among the best selling female singers of Lebanon. Her style is incorporating the traditional Lebanese music with and infusion of Western culture. Her formula proved to be very potent since most of her followers are the young and old alike of the generation.

Class And Achievement In Education In The Uk Education Essay

Sociologists have established that difference in year has a bearing on science in education of the bookmans. We can give four plant for this appraisal general cognition proviso of certain stuffs difference in heathen determine and attitudes and the procedure of labeling tutors. ( Haralambos, M & A Holborn,2004 )Although difference in general cognition or IQ degrees of students can non be straight person related to social crime syndicate so it would be wise non to research this theory further. Now maintaining the other three factors in head, I ll analyse the advantage and disadvantages of each of the three ( lower, in-between, and amphetamine ) categories and associate it with their academic accomplishments.A Poverty is throttled to be when an single receives income, which is at nigh 40 % of the average income in UK. With this standards in head well-nigh 13.5 million persons of which 2.9 million kids can be said to be in the lower sept of the social hierarchy in the UK in 2008.Students belonging to these focalizes argon more likely to hold deficient diet ensuing in lower energy and concentration degrees. Illness could be another effect and that could grapple to losing school at place they likely do nt hold a dedicated room for survey with limited purchasing power they cant feed better books or tuition taking parttime occupations may be a demand which would intend less(prenominal) clip for survey. Their options are limited to province schools and colleges. Choosing high instruction would intend for them to do some fiscal forfeits and would possible egress in them choosing to non prosecute farther instruction.Hyman suggested that students from lower category are at a heathenish disadvantage so the other societal category pupils. He feels that comparing with the in-between category, lower category is non that ambitious as they feel that they are seeking to work off from their grass roots they thinks that they have a really obstinate a ttack towards this and do nt quite acquire the construct of doing swindle term forfeits for long term sum totals. Sugarman reinforced Hyman theories and added that the ground for such behaviour might be based on their ain experiences of working in an purlieu with really small growing chances and deficiency of grasp or encouragement to advancement.In add-on to the positions held by Hyman and Sugarman, Douglas said that in-between category and hurrying category parents tend to back up more in their kid s faculty members. This theory has been proved by the attending at the parents- instructor meetings. bang-up of South Dakota Bourdieu has a different return on the thought that lower category students are at a cultural disadvantage. He feels that the underachievement of kids from these places lack the cultural capital . He agreed that there is a difference in civilization of the upper, in-between and lower category, but maintained that no 1 is to state which is less of import than the other. Upper category has an advantage of holding power and resources to rule the society with their civilization. By a dominant civilization Bourdieu means that the upper category and perchance in-between category have one pes on success as they are likely to be in contact with cracking paying occupations because of the environment they are being raised. For this ground Pierre believes that lower category students do nt miss civilization and heritage but the difference in their civilization from the remainder keeps them at a disadvantage.Sociologists believe that the procedure of labeling in schools can in any event hold a negative or positive consequence on the kidsHargreaves stated that students from working category are denied academic rubrics and privileges and so to counterbalance for this they kids tend to misbehavior. Students take labels like worthless as an encouragement to touch in this manner. And the more you try to halt them the more they move off.Nell Keddie a dded some classs are designed otherwise for different sets of students. In this instance their profs thought it d be wise to non expose the working category pupil to these surveies, in fright that they would non understand it. So in this instance the promise of better and more understanding instructors would assist these kids. Once once more this labeling environment is rarely found in the totality and upper category pupils. ( Cole, M, 1995 )A pupil s chase for success is a direct effect for her academic motive. No two human existences are precisely the same and therefore execute otherwise in certain state of affairss than one another. Likewise pupils differ in their demand to win. Academic achievement motive is used to intend the student s demand or drive towards the accomplishment of success.Gesnide states the importance of function theoretical account in a kid s life. If high winners surround a kid than it is more likely that he will seek to follow their act. On the other manus if he is amongst low winners than that would barely actuate him to win.We define place environment as all the conditions and experience in place, which help develop a kid s manner of thought and his emotional demands. in that respect are many factors, which account for a certain signifier of place environment. Such as the educational background of a pupils parents, outlooks, income and figure of siblings. All these factors straight influence a kid s familiar presentation in school. ( Meighan, R & A Harber, C ( 2007 )Atkinson and Feather found out that pupils who have phallic parents working at high paying occupations are more motivated to acquire better classs at school. To Atkinson it was obvious that the will to win additions with the societal position.Harmonizing to Atkinson the ground for better public presentations by center and upper category pupils was subjugate to the preparation these pupils received at place. They found out that parents who give freedom in decisi on-making are making a better occupation at actuating their kids for academic excellence.Majoribanks concurs with the findings of Atkinson and adds that a kid should be given duty to prepare him. Expectations should be kept high and the grade of complexness of undertaking should be raised to develop a sense of achievement in the kid from a light-green age. ( Davies, N, 2000 )Now lets take a expression at the fluctuation in male and female public presentations in instruction. From surveies conducted by Sean Coughlan it is observed that misss have through with(p) better than male childs in all societal categories. The engagement from adult females in universities has been on the addition. At the minute it stands close to 49 % by misss and nevertheless 38 % is comprised of immature work forces. Reports suggest that success by adult females is non nevertheless a aim seen in all societal categories but besides in all cultural groups.This disposal is attributed to the deficiency of male instructors in the primary schools. Sociologists believe that male childs are more motivated to execute penny-pinching in category if they are being taught by male instructors. About 75 % of primary schools in UK have no male instructors in their staff. This tendency has been stretched into ulterior old ages now as pupils lose some motive to larn, and other factors like non being able to speak about toughs to their female school teachers. Another survey tells us that there is a deficiency of male function theoretical accounts in the form of invitee talkers and voluntaries.Other sociologists attribute this tendency to deficiency of resort areas at school. Since male childs have more physical energy they need to exercise more before they can eventually make up ones mind down and survey. And decreasing figure of resort areas means that male pupils lose more and more involvement in school. ( Lawton, D 1992 )One noteworthy social occasion might be the instance where the bettermen t of misss in faculty members over the few decennaries may merely be the illustriousness and due to their obedient behaviour more than anything else that have seen them out execute the male childs. But one thing is for certain that this tendency is consistent with all the societal categories. So this can non be considered a direct nexus towards societal category and accomplishment in instruction in UK.Lashkar-e-taibas further honkytonk into the statement beyond ethnicities. It wont be incorrect to state that cultural minority pupils such as the Chinese and Indian -Origin students have been superb academically. But the Afro-Caribbean students are non executing excessively good. juvenile findings show that consciously or unconsciously racism by does persist at some degree. Although some instructors are known to assist these pupils.In his book, Bernard Coard states that the UK instruction system is unsupportive of afro-Caribbean kids as it makes them experience like they do nt belong. He farther states that their idiom is ridiculed white symbolizes something good whereas murky means something bad black pupils become a mark of labeling. ( Majors, R ( erectile dysfunction ) , 2001 )Cecile Wright supported Benards research. He said that professors seldom brought Asiatic and black kids into group treatments. As they entangle that the Asian and the black pupil do nt hold lesser communicating accomplishments. However, instructors besides had higher(prenominal) outlooks of Asian beginning than of Afro-Caribbean beginning students. ( Journal Race, Ethnicity and Education )Gilbourn and Youdell sound out findings confirmed the frights faced by the cultural minority students. They explained ground for the under-performance of Afro-Caribbean studentsA due to the fact that, Afro-Caribbean pupil were admitted and placed in lower grade GCSE scrutinies. And the focal time period of the professors has chiefly ever been on the high winners and second-rate pupils and assist ing low winners ( who were normally black ) was secondary. These grounds sum up to ensue in bad public presentations by the black pupils. ( Wright, C 2000 )Most sociologists believe that labeling theories hold some substance. And make supply an reply for the favoritism in category and ethnicity in the sports stadium of instruction. But the critics of such statements believe that these tax write-offs are based on little group of students. And these findings might be biased.Surveies by the University College London ( UCL ) and Kings College London came up with statistical grounds back uping this statement. This study uses figures released by the Department for Education and Skills. These are really of import findings, which should alter the manner parents, students and politicians think about schools, says Richard Webber, professor at UCL. This is the first clip we have been able to mensurate the precise impact of a kid s societal background on their educational public presentation , every bit good as the importance of a school s consumption on its standing in the conference tabular arraies. The survey concludes that schools with more middle-class pupils have a good faculty member record. It even went on to state that 50 % of any college s academic public presentation is due to the category of it pupils.In classy countries, the passing rate in schools is 67 % and for colleges its 94 % .For the pupils coming from working category places, merely 13 % have a good consequence in the endlish trial. And merely 24 % of students get five-plus classs of C or above in their GCSE. The consequences show that the place of a school in published conference tabular arraies, the standard typically used by parents to choose successful schools, depends more on the societal profile of its students than the quality of the instructors, says Webber, who, along with Professor Tim Butler from Kings, has devised new school conference tabular arraies from the information that take th e societal background of each student into account. The consequences of the survey will be published at the terminal of the twelvemonth by the UCL. But it included pupils from 61 different socio-economic groups with their background known. ( Power, S, Edwards, T, Whitty, G, & A Wigfall, V 2003 )In the yesteryear it was seen that the working category were far behind than the remainder in footings of academic accomplishment. But one would believe that this tendency should get down to alter in 2011, if non already hold changed. But what we miss to see is that the foundation of the whole instruction system has already been laid. And that is to function the involvement of the center and upper category.Harmonizing to Ken Roberts, the new policies created in footings to increase the demographic of academic winners are nil but an semblance. As he says that the elitism merely favors the in-between category, as they are non truly cognizant of the state of affairs, which surrounds them. It s non truly a bias on their portion but a manner of life.Bourdieu adds to Roberts s theories by stating that the privileges of the working category have been overshadowed by the dominant civilization of the in-between category. And this tendency has reflected in the field of instruction. And even after being portion of a individual province schooling system, the difference in consequences supports on broadening. ( John, G, 2006 )This tendency is most in grounds in the UK. A study by the Lond initiate of Economics showed that UK has the lowest alterations in societal up step or debasement. This tendency besides highlights the fact that better classs would take to better occupation and thus and betterment in the societal category. But since the study suggests really small societal mobility, that besides means that the lower category are non executing preferably every bit good as the in-between category and the in-between category are non executing rather every bit good as the upper c ategory pupils.Even though immense development have been made in the field of instruction and there has been a monolithic addition in the figure of pupils being taught in schools, colleges and universities but the tendency of accomplishing success has remained the same in the UK instruction system.Summarizing up, these tendencies are due to a combination of cultural difference, fiscal difference, and the labeling policies that are being practiced in schools and colleges all over the UK. Unfortunately these tendencies while working against the on the job category, favor the center and upper category. So pupils from hapless households get hapless classs on their tests. Lashkar-e-taibas besides consider the relationship between ethnicity, sex and category. Of the three societal category no doubtfulness the most ascendant factor. Girls, from all categories get higher classs than male childs. This tendency is chiefly attributed to a little or no sum of male instructors in primary school . This consequences in controling the enthusiasm and motive of male students. But since this tendency is over all categories we can non see it the specifying factor to associate accomplishment and societal category.Even though Chinese and Indian- beginning pupil have done good in the UK instruction system but by and large the cultural minority, particularly the 1s from working category have non done good academically.But from the positions of sociologist and some factual statistics there is no uncertainty that societal category is the most revealing factor in accomplishment in instruction. This tax write-off holds true for primary and secondary schools. But the right balance of category lateralisation can non be gauged right in colleges and universities because of the few bright and high achieving pupils, belonging to take down category, non many really choose to travel for higher instruction. Merely approximately 25 % of these pupils go for higher surveies. So the comparing can be made at school degree but at college or university degree there is still a really little group of kids to pull a unequivocal tax write-off. As stats tell us that the engagement of this category is every bit low as merely 10 % in colleges and universities. This is down to the cultural spread and them non desiring to do fiscal forfeits and be in debt by the clip they graduate. Having that we can safely reason that the links between societal category and high academic winners is really evident and apprehensible.

Diesel Engines: United States and Europe

Diesel locomotive locomotive locomotive engines are routinely sold in europiuman automobiles, with an estimated 6. 5 million vehicles on the bridle-path as of 2003 (DeGaspari 28). In both Europe and the linked States, diesel engine engine engines are gived in industrial and commercial applications like generators and commercial vehicles. However, the United States has historically been slow to embrace the concept of a diesel-powered personal automobile, and diesel automobile engines are totally juvenilely beginning to gain any traction in the US auto market. What are the reasons for this reluctance, and how can diesel engines gain more of a market share?The reasons for US market slowness in adopting diesel engines are varied. First, the diesel engine suffers from a perception problem which dates to the engines of the 1960s and 1970s Americans believe that diesel engines are dirty, in in force(p) and noisy, making for an uncomforta-ble passenger ride, high emissions and an insufficiently powerful engine. Second, diesel engines cost more than traditional accelerator pedal-powered engines with American particle accelerator prices cosmos historically a good deal lower than European gas prices, there has been no financial incentive in the past for the adoption of diesel engines in the United States.Third, the accessibility of diesel fuel is not con-sistent across the United States and it is often more expensive than gasoline. These issues are being furnishressed in a number of ways. The availability of biodiesel (diesel fuel produced from non-petroleum sources, including plant matter, byproducts from meat pro-cessing such(prenominal) as rendered fat and discarded cooking oil) has been increasing steadily, bringing down the price of diesel and offering an environmentally friendly alter subjective, while the price of gasoline has been increasing.Newer engine designs are quiet and clean thanks to the develop-ment of fuel snap systems, with emi ssions as low or lower than gasoline engines. The diesel engine offers a high mileage per gallon and a longer range (distance travel direct on a tank of fuel), along with a higher(prenominal) torque with a smaller engine, making them winning choices for American sport utility vehicles and light trucks, as well as the compact car market, where consumers tend to be more conscious of energy efficiency. Historically, American vehicles with diesel engines were dirty and noisy (Siuru 52).The high level of emissions and uncomfortable, noisy ride made a diesel engine an unattractive pro-spect, and relegated the diesel engine to commercial vehicles and applications like generators. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, however, European car manufacturers began to engage in serious research aimed at improve the technical design of the diesel engine used in passenger vehicles. At that time, the market share of the diesel engine in Europe ranged from 10% in Germany up to 35% in France, signif icantly higher than America, where most diesel vehicles were imported by European automobile enthusiasts (Siuru 52).The first major rise was introduction of an electronic fuel injection influence system (Siuru 52). This system maintains an even fuel supply, reducing the loud banging noise associated with a diesel engine it also reduces the fuel supply variation, eliminating the vibration and hum of a diesel automobile (Siuru 52). The first electronic fuel injection systems were indirect injec-tion systems (IDI), which immix the fuel with air in a turbulence chamber before injecting it into the engines burning at the stake chamber (Siuru 52). These engines were efficient and produced low emissions.However, direct injection (DI), which injects the fuel directly into the engines combustion chamber, bypassing the admixture with air, offered even greater fuel efficiency, albeit with high-er emissions levels (Siuru 56). The direct injection system was developed by parliamentary proce dure in the mid-1990s and quickly became popular (Siuru 56), The most parkland implementation of the direct injection system is the common rail direct injection system (Ashley 58). This system, implement-ed by most European car manufacturers in the 1998 model year, offered a way to decrease fuel consumption and emissions by about 30% from the previous designs (Ashley 58).The common rail system uses a manifold to pre-load fuel as a buffer between the injectors and the engine, of-fering greater control of fuel usage according to brainish conditions (Ashley 59). While electronic fuel injection systems improved the regularity and smoothness of the die-sel engines operation, particulate and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions were still a problem, and continue to be a problem as emissions controls for passenger vehicles aim more and more tight.While an indirect injection engine offered lower emissions due to more efficient use of fuel, direct injection engines offered markedly better perfor mance (Ashley 57). A further challenge is that while European emissions standards are primarily concerned with century monoxide and carbon dioxide, American emissions standards are mostly concerned with nitrogen oxide and particulate emissions (Marshall 27). An engine which will be used in both American and European vehicles moldiness control both adequately to meet emissions standards. Emissions are controlled in a variety of ways in the diesel-powered vehicle.The catalytic con-verters typically used in gasoline engines dont work with diesel engines, due to a difference in the amount of oxygen present in the engines combustion chamber(DeGaspari 30 ). One approach to reducing nitrogen oxide emissions in a diesel engine is to use a chemical reaction called selec-tive catalytic reaction, which uses urea (ammonia) to remove the available oxygen (DeGaspari 30). A second method, called a lean NOx trap, causes the engine to cycle between an oxygen-lean and an oxygen rich environment on a regular basis in order to break up the nitrogen oxide molecules (DeGaspari, 30).These traps are often mounted to the tailpipe rather than directly in the engine (DeGaspari 30). The most common solution for particulate emissions is a filter on the tailpipe which traps particulate matter in the exhaust rather than releasing it (DeGaspari 30). The most recent advance in emissions, called homogenous charge compression ignition or HCCI, is a whole-vehicle solution to the mileage-emissions tradeoff with both gasoline and die-sel engines. HCCI, still in development, is being viewed by automobile manufacturers as a boon for the future for both gasoline and diesel engines.HCCI uses a combination of gasoline and die-sel engine design aspects for a high-efficiency, clean-burning engine which is designed to pass emissions standards testing in both the United States and Europe (Marshall 27). The HCCI en-gine premixes air and fuel before feeding it to the engine (a gasoline engine trait), but it uses compression ignition rather than spark-plug ignition (a diesel engine trait) (Marshall 27). This en-gine has the additional advantage of being dual-fuel it can be used with either diesel or gaso-line, reducing the pressure of fuel availability for owners of vehicles (Marshall 28).The HCCI engine design also has the potential to be used with other forms of liquid fuel, such as hydrogen, ethanol or other forms of fatty-acid fuels like diesel and gasoline, widening the possi-bilities for alternative fuels of the future (Marshall 28). The final improvement in diesel emissions is not in the engine itself, but in the chemical makeup of the fuel. Ultra-low second fuels, which were mandated by the FDA in 2006, both reduce emissions and allow for more advanced emis-sions control systems, which can be unusable with higher-sulfur fuels because the sulfur interferes with the necessary chemical reactions.(DeGaspari 30). Engine power is another significant beneficiary of European manufact urers research all over the know 20 years. American diesel engines hold had the reputation of not being very powerful however, the modern diesel engine has greater torque and a greater range (number of miles trav-elled on a single tank of fuel), as well as higher mileage, in a smaller, lighter-weight engine than the equivalent gas engine (DeGaspari 28). A diesel engine in a sport utility vehicle can offer forty to fifty percent greater fuel efficiency over a gasoline engine (DeGaspari 28).The diesel version of the 2006 Jeep Liberty, which was designed with a 2. 8 liter engine, offered 27 MPG high-way/21 MPG city. Compared to its gasoline powered sibling (21 MPG highway/17 MPG city) this was a 24-30% increase in engine efficiency (DeGaspari 28). Because American cars tend to be larger than European cars, engine redesign for greater torque has been popular with American automobile manufacturers (DeGaspari 28). Diesel engines can cost significantly more than traditional gasoline eng ines.The engine it-self is more expensive, as it is heavier and more precisely controlled diesel emissions devices are also more expensive than their gasoline counterparts. A diesel engine can add one to two thou-sand dollars to the overall consumer price of a vehicle, making it unattractive if fuel efficiency is not a concern (DeGaspari 30). This problem has been self-correcting with a grim rise in fuel costs and operational cost of automobile ownership in the United States.In 1992, with fuel costs two to four clock higher in Europe than in America, diesel engines already held a significant por-tion of the automobile market share however, doubt was expressed that they would be real in America (Siuru 58). With a significant rise in fuel costs over the last 15 years, diesel has be-come more and more attractive to Americans concerned with the mileage of their vehicles. By 1997, experts acknowledged that there is an American market for diesel SUVs (Ashley 62) and currently, both Eur opean and American automobile manufacturers now offer passenger vehicles for sale in America (DeGaspari 28).The availability and continued supply of diesel fuel is a serious concern in the United States. Europe, where as much as half the vehicles on the road at any one time are powered by diesel, took the approach of producing its own biodiesel rather than relying on imported petro-diesel (Schmidt 86). Europe has a significant percentage of arable land devoted to rapeseed (can-ola) which is primarily used in the production of biodiesel (Schmidt 86).Biodiesel is diesel oil produced victimisation plants or animal remains rather than petrochemicals there are many common sources of biodiesel, including virgin plant material (canola, soy, wheat, barley, palm, pine trees, corn and algae have all been used to produce biodiesel), and used cook-ing oil from restaurants, known as yellow grease (Schmidt 86). Most United States biodiesel is derived from soybeans, which offer an 18-20% oil yiel d. The remaining potful can be used to pro-duce animal feed. Soybean based biodiesel releases about 3.2 times the amount of energy used to produce it, making it an extremely efficient energy source (Schmidt 87). Biodiesel is not only good as an alternate fuel source to petroleum-based diesel, it is a cleaner fuel. According to the National Renewable capability Laboratory (NREL), B20 biodiesel (a mixture of 20% biodiesel and 80% petrodiesel) releases l0% less carbon monoxide, particulates and total hydrocarbon, and is carbon dioxide-neutral (Schmidt 89). There are some concerns about the lev-el of nitrogen oxide emissions with biodiesel.A 2006 FDA literature reappraisal concluded that B20 biodiesel nitrogen oxide emissions are about 2% higher than the equivalent petrodiesel (Schmidt 90). However, Scott Gordon, founder of Green Technologies, points out that catalytic convert-ers can be used with ultra-low sulfur fuels in addition to traditional emissions controls, which has the pot ential to greatly decrease nitrogen oxide emissions (Schmidt 90). There are a number of problems with biodiesel which are being addressed by manufactur-ers.The first is that of agricultural resource allocation to biodiesel production. Currently, most United States production of biodiesel uses surplus soybean crops (Schmidt 86). Soybeans have a relatively low yield of only 18-20% oil, however, making soybean cultivation to meet expanded biodiesel requirements problematic (Schmidt 91). In order to expand biodiesel production, dif-ferent crops are required. Two alternatives are rapeseed (canola) and algae. Rapeseed is common-ly grown in Europe as a biodiesel source.It has a 40% yield of oil and is easily cultivated (Schmidt 91). Algae has a remarkably high 50% yield and a production of 8,000 gallons per acre per year, making it the most productive crop found so far. However, problems with designing a large-scale agricultural system for algae have held arse use of this material so far (Schmidt 91). In order to grow algae for commercial biodiesel use, indoor systems would need to be designed to precisely control growing conditions and species in tanks.As Schmidt notes, there is the pos-sibility of creating a large supply of algae by feeding with wastewater treatment plants. Solving the technical problems of cultivating algae is inhering for the continued growth of biodiesel. It is estimated that 15,000 square miles of algae cultivation (approximately 9. 5 million acres, a frac-tion of a percent of current American land given over to agricultural usage) could be enough to re stray the entire stock of petroleum used in American transportation (Schmidt 91).Unfortunate-ly, not all countries have the availability of arable land that the United States does, and environ-mental degradation can result from planting what is seen as a cash crop at the expense of sub-sistence crops or native habitat. Rain forest clearing in order to plant palm trees, a common source of impor ted biodiesel, has had a bad effect on Indonesian forests (Schmidt 92). A second problem with biodiesel is inconsistent low-temperature operation. All diesel fuels will gel with extreme cold, but biodiesel gels more quickly at higher temperatures.To operate a diesel engine in colder conditions, a mixture of petrodiesel and biodiesel is required (Schmidt 89). The most common blend of petrodiesel and biodiesel is called B20 (20% biodiesel and 80% petrodiesel) however, even lower blends of biodiesel, such as B2 and B5, are beginning to gain traction in the market (Schmidt 89). A third problem with biodiesel is inconsistent quality. Federal and state tax ascribe for bio-diesel production make it attractive to companies large and small (Schmidt 90).A biodiesel blend made from virgin vegetable oil is desirable for a 1-cent per gallon discount on federal fuel excise tax for each percent of biodiesel in the blend a blend made from yellow grease, or recycled cooking oil, is eligible for ha lf that (Schmidt 90). This is a powerful incentive for biodiesel pro-duction. Unfortunately, quality sometimes is lacking in the production controls. High levels of glycerin, a byproduct of biodiesel production which can pass filters and reduce engine perfor-mance, making it difficult to start the engine when cold, were found in one third of the samples tested by NREL in 2006 (Schmidt 90).These samples came from blending facilities where the biodiesel fuels were conglomerate and then sent to distributers. The NREL attributes these problems to a sudden increase in demand leading to some plants starting production without quality control procedures in place (Schmidt 90). As gasoline prices continue to rise and the American public gives serious attention to the energy efficiency and mileage per gallon of their personal automobiles, diesel engines become more attractive to car buyers.With fuel efficiency 30% or more higher than gasoline engines, electronic fuel injection offering a sm oother, quieter ride, as well as greater torque in a smaller engine allowing for lighter-weight and higher-mileage sport utility vehicles, and the availability of biodiesel offering an environmentally friendly, renewable fuel source, the performance prob-lems of past generations of American diesel vehicles have been largely solved.Rapid develop-ment and improvement of diesel technology to keep up with tightening emissions control re-quirements has led to extraordinarily clean vehicles. American and European automobile manu-facturers have begun to produce diesel automobiles for the American market, and have expecta-tions of solid sales. The question remains, however will American consumers follow the lead of Europe and embrace diesel engine technology?

Effective communication for and about individuals Essay

Promote effective dialogue for and round individualsExercise HSC031A) What atomic number 18 the legal requirements on meetity, diversity, secretion and rights, relating to individuals linguistic process and communication preferences?Equal treatment for language and communication.When completing records?As I work within the NHS, the ICU follows the National Institute for Clinical excellence Equal Opportunities (2000) policy it states thatIt is the policy of the Institute to work towards ensuring that no recipient of its services, present or future employee or job appli smoket receives less gold treatment on the grounds of- age, colour, creed, disability, ethnic origin, marital status, nationality, race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, social status, trade union membership (NICE 2000)This affects communication as it states that we must do everything in our power to translate equal service trains to everyone. For example if a unhurried speaks a foreign language, there is a communication barrier, so we must provide any schooling to them in their native language, whether that be through an interpreter or translated leaflets.The trust recognises that promotion and regular communication of the policy is important to hold in that individuals on a lower floorstand their commitment to equal opportunity and are aware of their own responsibility regarding equal opportunities and know how to raise concerns or thrust complaints and are sure-footed that these will be handled effectively.E) What is the code of dress and standards and guidance relevant to your role, responsibilities and accountability, and duties of others when communicating difficult, tangled and sensitive issues and reporting and recording?As a health carefulness assistant the official code of pr conductice and standard that I should follow and understand are laid down by the General Social clear do Council in the Codes of practice for social care workers and employers (2002) this cove rs well-nigh of the core standards which as a care worker I must follow. But I am similarly under the guide zephyrs perplex down by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC 2005). To ensure that I gain the trust of my affected roles, I should recognise them as equal partners, use language that is familiar to them and make sure that they understand the information you aregiving.As far as record keeping goes, I should make sure that any records I make must be clear, legible and accessible to the patient or client, as outlined by the NMCs enrolment Standards for Records and Record Keeping (NMC 89346) and under the terms of the Data Protection Act (1984) and the Access to Health Records Act (1990).Both these documents state that all communication about patients whether written or verbal are completely confidential.F) Where privy you seek advice from regarding an individuals communication and language needs, wishes and preferences?When a patient has communication and language needs t he premier person I would ask would be the patient, to access for my egotism the communication needs. I would then look at the patients notes and finally I would ask the staff guard looking after the patient or the district nurse if they are in the community. If I still need more advice or there are still communication difficulties, I could refer the patient to the speech and language therapy department. If the difficulty is a language barrier I could try to contact a language and interpretation service. It is vital to understand that wherever possible the patients wishes should take priority in the decision taking over communication needs.G) How can you and were can you access information and support to update your familiarity and gain further assistance to meet the individuals communication needs.There are some(prenominal) places that you can access information to update your knowledge both on a personal level and on an individual client basis. You can update your communicatio n knowledge by keeping up to date with all the guidelines surrounding communication, such as the journals on new communication methods and studies or conk time with the speech and language therapy unit to improve your communication skills.On an individual client basis, the first place to look for information on up(p) your communication with the client is from the client themselves. By checking for responses and reactions, both verbal and non verbal you can judge whether your communication methods are effective. Then to further gain knowledge and understanding, you can refer them to a specialised service to meet their needs depending on what the communication need is. For example there may be a language barrier, in this instance, first see if there are members of family who could translate (where appropriate with patients understanding) as patients often feel more comfort competent with a coition translating for them, if this was not available or inappropriate, I would track down t he translators service and refer the case to them.H) What are the theories relevant to the following-Specific conditions in your area of practice that can affect communication skills, abilities.In Intensive care effective communication can be difficult for a number of reasons, they can be environmental fusss, physical or mental problems, same(p) the patients consciousness levels could be effected, either drug induced or pathologically based, there may be visual and hearing problems and environmental problems, such as poor lighting or a noisy situation. The patient may not be able to make sense of the communication, they may use a different language or dialect or may not understand the jargon or professional terms used.Many of the patients on Intensive care are heavily sedated, so effective two means communication with then is roughly impossible, also most of the patients that are not sedated are on high levels of medication, which can cause drowsiness and confusion. Of the patie nts that are lucid enough to communicate coherently, the most common communication problems are the problems of those who move over ventilation support, either they have a tracheotomy tube in place, which means that air does not cleft through the voice box so they have no voice, or they have a BiPAP mask to assist with breathing, which restricts the ability to speak and be heard.How can communication and language differences affect the identity, self esteem and self image of those you work with?Self-esteem meansappreciating your own worth and importance and it helps you to cope conk out with the challenges of life (Tracy Turner BBC)In ICU patients that have a Glasgow coma score (GCS) of 14 or 15 and are on little or no sedation, in other words able to understand where they are and what is happening to them. Communication problems can have a huge influence on identity, self esteem and self image. Especially in ICU as the communication difficulties are usually new problems for the patient due to illness and the treatment.For example a person has a tracheotomy, firstly they loose their voice, which many people feel is part of them, it make who they are, so this detracts from self image and identity. But the main part is that they loose the ability to express themselves with ease, so they can loose self-esteem. One of the major thing is, as they cant express themselves in the way they are used to, so a person whose self-esteem is low, will tend to feel that what happens to them is beyond their control. Studies have suggests that self-esteem is likely to have a major effect on their mental and physical health.How can power be used to abuse people when communicating on difficult, sensitive and complex issues?One major thing that people with communication difficulties bugger off, is loss of power. The person/carer who is looking after someone with communication difficulties, whether they be sensory deficits or other difficulties, is that they ( the carer ) is a cting as interpreter and has the power to interpret the patients needs and wishes in their own way, even ignoring the persons wishes and carry out tasks that they want to. This is why training is inherent for effective two-way communication.An example of this would be the situation of a stroke patient with paralysis down one side, so was unable to feed themselves and has pocket-sized dysphasia. In a lot of cases the care giver thinks they know what is best for the patient, with no consideration for the patients wishes, In many cases all the carer wants to do is feed the patient so they have a full diet but the patient may not like the mashed carrot but because time is tight and the carer just now wants to get the plate cleared, they pretend not to understand the patients attempts to communicate that they would prefer themushy peas.A lot of abuse is not actually intentional, much of this comes from insufficiency of proper communication skills and the carer not taking the time to listen or try to understand the patient. They have a job to do and a set amount of time to do that job in and in most cases think they know what is best for the patient. Often when patients do try to communicate their unhappiness the are treated to a barrage of patronizing awws and come on dears you need to do this, or arent you being silly today most treating patients like children, they can even be labelled as trouble makers.It is much different for the patient who can communicate fully, they state their discomfort in a clear and concise way, it is much harder to make somebody do something if they say straight out no I dont like that.On ICU the situation is slightly different as a lot of our patients are on medications which will affect their mental capacity and learning so their communication difficulties are harder to resolve. So to determine if someone is of sound mind we use assessment tools to determine how able a patient is to make there own decisions (GCS & Sedation scor e).I) What factors can affect communication skills, abilities and development of those you support?In the ward environment there are many factors that can affect communication with the patient, they can be broken down into two main categories, environmental factors and personal factors.Trying to talk to someone in a noisy environment where there are continual interruptions leads to frustration, lack of understanding and poor concentration. Similarly individuals are often disinclined to discuss personal information or express strong emotions if they can be overheard or seen. Other environmental factors may relate to time available to talk. Carers often feel under pressure to get the job done and their workloads may either inhibit clients I dont want to bother the nurses theyre so finical or result in the carer communicating poorly because of pressure of work.VanCott (1993), Identified some of the personal factors that can effect patient communicationIndividual Carers may lack the kn owledge, experience and skills to promote effective communication. Also in health care medical jargon is common, but can appear as a foreign language to someone receiving care. Use of words that are not within the clients own vocabulary generally results in misunderstandings and poor communication. There is also a tendency to use vague, ambiguous or unclear questions or statements along with failing to verify their own understanding of the other persons statements. A communication failure that often occurs is completing tasks with little or no explanation behind purpose behind actionsM)What conflicts and dilemmas may be created by difficulties in communication in your workplace?Moving away from patient/career conflict, one of the main sources of conflict in ICU it that of conflict betwixt families and friends and ICU staff. As with any ward and care situation the next of kin debate comes up regularly and what is best for the patient. The law around patient consent and advocacy is a massive topic and very hazy in some areas as to whether the doctor has the right to decide treatment or whether a next of kin should be involved. Also there is visitation rights who can come in and who cant and who decides.N) What procedures do you follow when dealing with conflict?In most of the cases where conflict arises there are strict procedures to follow this usually means reporting the problem to a higher level of responsibility. A good example of this it the case of Luke Winston-Jones (BBC 2004) there was direct conflict between the doctors and parents over the best case of action for the child. In the end the problem was passed to the highest responsibility the courts.This would be the same in my workplace so far I have only had to report minor conflict up to my line manager.R) What is the difference between literal, opinionated and judgement? Why is this important when completing records?It is important when completing records to only fill in what actually happened or what your clinicaljudgement was, not what your opinion is. An example of this would be when documenting what dressing you applied, you would state that in your clinical judgement what the best dressing would be and a factual account of applying that dressing. It is not good practice to document opinions unless your opinion clashed with that of somebody else, then you would state in the records that that was your opinion.A Factual account is something that is known to have happened or to exist, especially something for which proof exists, or about which there is information.Opinionated means having and expressing very strong feelings and beliefs, and believing that your own ideas are the only define ones.Whereas an opinion is a persons ideas and thoughts about something. It is an assessment, judgement or evaluation of something. An opinion is not a fact, because it is not possible to prove (or disprove) an opinionJudgement is the act or process of judging the formation of an opinion after consideration and deliberation especially a formal or authoritative decision

Karl Marx and Human Nature Essay

I seduce taken for my study unrivaled chapter from the book Marx and military slice temper by Norman Geras. In the second chapter Norman Geras deals with the tender personality and historical materialism. Although many Marxists denied Marxs theory of human nature that on that point was a human nature to be found in Marxs words, there is in item a Marxist conceit of human nature which remains, to some degree, constant throughout history and across social boundaries. The atomic number 53-sixth of the Theses on Feuerbach provided the basics for this interpretation of Marx according to which there was no eternal human nature to be found in his works.Feuerbach resolves the center field of religion into the essence of man human nature. But the essence of man is no abstraction inherent in each single individual. In reality, it is the ensemble of the social dealings. Feuerbach, who does non enter upon a criticism of this real essence, is hence obliged Human nature Thus, Marx a ppears to say that human nature is no more than than what is made by the social relations. Norman Geras Marxs Theory of Human Nature, however, offers an extremely detailed argument against this position.In outline, Geras shows that, while the social relations are held to determine the nature of people, they are not the only such determinant. In fact, Marx get ups statements where he specifically refers to a human nature which is more than what is conditioned by the circumstances of ones life. In Capital, in a footnote critiquing utilitarianism, he says that utilitarians must reckon with human nature in general, and then with human nature as modified in each historical epoch. Marx is arguing against an abstract conception of human nature, offering instead an account rooted in sensuous life.While he is quite explicit that individuals express their life, so they are. Hence what individuals are depends on the material conditions of their business, he also believes that human nature bequeath condition (against the background of the productive forces and relations of drudgery) the instruction in which individuals express their life. History involves a continuous renderation of human nature, though this does not mean that every aspect of human nature is wholly variable what is trans instituteed need not be wholly transformed.Marx did tap the tendency to transform into eternal laws of nature and of reason, the social forms springing from your present mode of production and form of property, a process sometimes called reification. For this reason, he would likely hand wanted to criticize certain aspects of some accounts of human nature. Human beings collectively work on nature exclusively do not do the same work there is a division of labor in which people not only do different jobs, but according to Marxist theory, some people jazz from the work of others by owning the means of production.How this is accomplished depends on the type of society. Production is carried out through very definite relations between people. And, in turn, these production relations are determined by the level and character of the productive forces that are present at any given time in history. For Marx, productive forces refer to the means of production such as the tools, instruments, technology, land, raw materials, and human knowledge and abilities in terms of using these means of production.Human nature, Marxs ethical thought and alienation Gears says of Marxs work that Whatever else it is, theory and socio-historical explanation, and scientific as it may be, that work is a moral indictment resting on the conception of prerequisite human needs, an ethical standpoint, in other words, in which a view of human nature is involved . Alienation, for Marx, is the estrangement of humans from aspects of their human nature.Since as we have seen human nature consists in a busy set of vital drives and tendencies, whose exercise constitutes flourishing alienation is a condition wherein these drives and tendencies are stunted. For essential powers, alienation substitutes disempowerment for making ones own life ones object, ones life becoming an object of capital. Marx believes that alienation will be a feature of all society before communism. The opposite of, alienation is actualization or self- action mechanism- the activity of the self, controlled by and for the self.Human nature and the intricacy of the productive forces It has been held by several writers that it is Marxs conception of human nature which explains the primacy thesis concerning the expansion of the productive forces, which according to Marx, is itself the fundamental driving force of history. If true, this would make his account of human nature perhaps the most fundamental aspect of his work. Geras writes, historical materialism itself, this whole distinctive approach to society that originates with Marx, rests squarely upon the fancy of a human nature.It highlights that specific nexus of universal needs and capacities which explains the human productive process and mans coordinated transformation of the material surroundings which process and transformation it treats in turn as the basis both of the social order and of historical change. The tendencys autonomy is just its license of social structure, its rootedness in fundamental material facts of human nature and the human situation. Historical progress consists fundamentally in the growth of peoples abilities to spring and control the world about them.This is the most basic way in which they learn and express their human essence. Historical materialism Historical materialism started from a fundamental underlying reality of human existence that in order for human beings to survive and continue existence from generation to generation, it is necessary for them to produce and retch the material requirements of life. Marx then extended this premise by asserting the importance of the fact that, in order to carry out production and exchange, people have to enter into very definite social relations, most fundamentally production relations.Norman Geras analyzed historical materialism and postulated that society has moved through a number of types or modes of production. That is, the character of the production relations is determined by the character of the productive forces these could be the simple tools and instruments of early human existence, or the more demonstrable machinery and technology of present age. The main modes of production Marx identified generally include primitive communism or tribal society (a prehistoric stage), antiquated society, feudalism, and capitalism.In each of these social stages, people interact with nature and produce their living in different ways. Any surplus from that production is allotted in different ways. Ancient society was ascendantd on a ruling class of slave owners and a class of slaves feudalism was establish on landowners and s erfs and capitalism based on the capitalist class and the working class. The capitalist class privately owns the means of production, distribution and exchange (e. g. , factories, mines, shops and banks) while the working class harp by exchanging their socialized labor with the apitalist class for wages. Marx identified the production relations of society (arising on the basis of given productive forces) as the economic base of society.He also explained that on the foundation of the economic base their arise certain policy-making institutions, laws, customs, culture, etc. , and ideas, ways of thinking, morality, etc. These constituted the political/ ideological superstructure of society. This superstructure not only has its origin in the economic base, but its features also ultimately correspond to the character and development of that economic base, i. . the way people organize society is determined by the economic base and the relations that arise from its mode of production. Hi storical materialism can be seen to rest on the following principles1. The basis of human society is how humans work on nature to produce the means of subsistence. 2. There is a division of labor into social classes (relations of production) based on property ownership where some people live from the labor of others. 3. The system of class division is dependent on the mode of production. 4.The mode of production is based on the level of the productive forces. 5. Society moves from stage to stage when the dominant class is replaced by a new emerging class, by overthrowing the political shell that enforces the old relations of production no longer corresponding to the new productive forces. This takes place in the superstructure of society, the political arena in the form of revolution, whereby the underclass liberates the productive forces with new relations of production, and social relations, corresponding to it.Human nature and historical materialism Marxs theory of history attemp ts to describe the way in which humans change their environments and (in dialectical relation) their environments change them as well. That is Not only do the objective conditions change in the act of reproduction, e. g. the village becomes a town, the wilderness a cleared field etc. but the producers change, too, in that they bring out new qualities in themselves, develop themselves in production, transform themselves, develop new powers and ideas, new needs and new language.The first premise of all human history is, of course, the existence of living human individuals. Thus the first fact to be established is the physical organization of these individuals and their consequent relation to the rest of nature. Thus History does nothing, it possesses no immense wealth, and it wages no battles. It is man, real, living man who does all that, who possesses and fights history is not, as it were, a person apart, using man as a means to achieve its own aims history is nothing but the activi ty of man pursuing his aims.So we can see that, even before we begin to consider the precise character of human nature, real, living humans, and the activity of man pursuing his aims is the very building block of Marxs theory of history. Humans act upon the world, changing it and themselves and in doing so they make history. But even beyond this, human nature plays two key roles. In the first place, it is part of the explanation for the growth of the productive forces, which Marx conceives of as the driving force of history. Secondly, the particular needs and drives of humans explain the class antagonism which is generated under capitalism.Conclusion and critical remarks Here I would like to say that Marxist philosophical anthropology is one sided. Its conception of human nature and human good overlooks the need for self identity than which nothing is more essentially human. The consequence of this is held to be that Marx and his followers have underestimated the importance of pheno mena, such as religion and nationalism, which satisfy the need for self identity. In the study of human nature and historical materialism, history is what is made by human beings and its nature.According to Marx human beings are working and changing the world, Marx ignored all other factors that at work in the development of history. History has been developed not only by human beings but also through various elements. Historical materialism is caused by the production of things and there by arising social relationships. Here it implies that economy is the basic structure of society that controls and develops. But it is a reductionist approach, it is impossible to reduce the basic structure as economic relations alone.

The Basic Concept Of Ppsmi Education Essay

The whole thought of a considerably instruction system is to fix out kids so that they are purify prepared to confront the challenges of globalisation, liberalisation every bit good as the fast development in today s information and communicating engineerings. To change our state to make this we needed competent and resilient human capital that is able to confront the challenges locally and internationally. In order to bring forth this motley of human capital, authorities had come out with few policies in instruction system. unmatched of the policies was PPSMI that was introduced in 2003 and later it is abolished in 2012.The basic construct of PPSMI the instruction and attainment of scientific discipline and mathematics in sideThe virtues of PPSMI the instruction and acquisition of scientific discipline and mathematics in inclineThe demerits of PPSMI the instruction and acquisition of scientific discipline and mathematics in EnglishSummary.The basic construct of PPSMIThe i nstruction and acquisition of scientific discipline and mathematics in English or in short known as PPSMI, that stands for Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sains dan Matematik Dalam Bahasa InggerisA is a authorities policy aimed at bettering the bid of the English lingual communication among bookmans at primary and secondary schools inA Malaysia. Tun Dr. Mahathir stash away Mohamad, whom was the premier curate at the minute introduced this policy in 2003. stock-still, since it was introduced, PPSMI has been a heated topic and has been debated among faculty members, politicians and even in society until the Deputy bang Minister, Tan SriA Muhyiddin Yassin announced the policy s reversal in 2012.Harmonizing to the Deputy Prime Minister Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin in The Star ( 2009 ) , the spread between homespun and urban pupils has widened since PPSMI started. Merely 19.2 % of secondary instructors and 9.96 % of primary instructors were sufficiently in effect(p) in English. He said thi s one of the grounds the Cabinet has decided that the medium of solicitude for Math and Science will return to Bahasa Malaysia in national schools and mother-tongue lingual communications in national-type schools from 2012 onwards and the reversal of the instruction of Math and Science in English ( PPSMI ) policy will be conducted in phases.The virtues of PPSMIBack so, the medium for communicating in instruction system was chiefly apply our mother-tongue, Malay lingual communication. Then in order to develop the state, the premier curate at that clip, Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad proposed a policy that changed the medium of direction from the Malay linguistic communication to English for the instruction and acquisition of Science and Mathematics topics. Basically the policy was made based on the authorities s concern on the state s human capital development towards accomplishing the criterion of a developed state, every bit good as an early readying to vie in the season of globalis ation.Kim ( 2011 ) stated that scientific discipline and mathematics are 2 chief Fieldss that form the footing and puzzle a important function in the approach and development of a state. in like manner, the turning watercourse of transmutations and finds in these two Fieldss happen quickly and information entree in these Fieldss is largely in the English linguistic communication excessively. So, the command in this linguistic communication would do us easier to acquire the cognition in scientific discipline and mathematics. Though by presenting PPSMI is non the trump method to better English, it is however a worthy enterprise that will convey the duplicate benefits of betterment in English every bit good as ready connectivity to the universe of scientific discipline and engineering.Harmonizing to Kim ( 2011 ) , op come ins of PPSMI ever make Russia and China as an illustration that one tooshie lodge to one s national linguistic communication and yet accomplish outstanding adva ncement in scientific discipline and technology.A But these critics forget that states like Russia and China have large populations and their people are good equipped with cognition in scientific discipline and engineering comparison to us, Malaysians that largely still depends on aliens. One more thing is about the resources. English text books are already widely used in our establishments of higher acquisition excessively, so why essential we halt the instruction of mathematics and scientific discipline in English at an earlier age and change over back to Malay linguistic communication? The merely acceptable ground for halting PPSMI should merely because of the deficiency of English-proficient instructors. They did non hold sufficient preparation to be able to learn efficaciously. However, many options notify be conducted to develop them. After that, all they needed is sufficient clip to accommodate to the alteration and later travel frontward to run into the challenges.In decis ion, we can straight see that the policy aspiration to implement PPSMI was made to do certain pupils command in scientific discipline and mathematics in position of the fact that most of the beginnings are available in the English linguistic communication. Indirectly, it is besides hoped that the execution of PPSMI would lend to the enhancing of pupils bid of the linguistic communication.The demerits of PPSMIEven though PPSMI seemed to be a good policy to be implemented in our instruction system, after much idea and considerations from experts, non-governmental organisations and concerned persons about the impact of PPSMI on pupil acquisition, the authorities decided to get rid of the instruction and acquisition of Science and Mathematics in English.Harmonizing to an article Why PPSMI is abolished in The Star newspaper, the cabinet free-base that during the execution of PPSMI merely 4 % of Mathematicss and Science instructors used 90 % or more of English in the instruction and acquisition of the two topics. A categorization of Bahasa Malaysia and English was used more by them and the instructors had to often exchange to Bahasa Malaysia in their instruction because pupils could non understand their lessons in English. To turn out the statement above, a visual sense conducted by a group of educationalists from the Universiti Perguruan Sultan Idris ( UPSI ) revealed that 70 % of Form Two pupils found it difficult to larn Mathematicss and Science in English.Another survey through with(p) by a Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia ( UKM ) professor concluded that PPSMI hampered pupils ability to understand Mathematicss and Science constructs, hence ensuing in their hapless public presentation in these two topics. The cabinet besides stated that lone pupils with good bid of English benefited from PPSMI while others who lack of proficiency in English became victims. So, obviously it is unjust to these pupils if the authorities decide to go on with the policy. Apart from holding to larn a linguistic communication which is non their female parent lingua, our kids are being made to study the two topics in English every bit good, A Muhyidin said, adding that surveies had besides shown that pupils would break understand a topic if it was taught in their female parent lingua. The determination to change by reversal to Bahasa Malaysia is in line with the place taken by Unesco that the female parent lingua is the best medium of direction in schools.As we can see the current coevals of attorneies, comptrollers, scientists, technocrats, and other professionals are the merchandise of our National Education System where Bahasa Malaysia is the medium of direction in schools. Therefore, it has turn up that Bahasa Malaysia is an effectual medium of direction in the national schools.DrumheadAll in all, whether it is the execution or reversal of PPSMI, the biggest also-rans are still pupils in Malaysia. So it is of import that wise actions must be done by every party to assist the pupils from being victim to the unsteady policies in Malaysia educational system. However before authorities want to present new policy, surely they did some researches before it was implemented and same goes to the new policy that replaces PPSMI now. Although PPSMI is no longer used as a medium of direction at schools, the desire to get the hang English should non be stopped in our immature coevalss because our state needfully a population that is competent in English to must bring forth top class workers who will be able to vie in the globalised universe.In relation to this, the Education Ministry has taken comprehensive steps to better our pupils bid of English through the new policy, Strengthening English Language ( MBI ) policy. Besides that, there are several ways that authorities attempts to make in order to guarantee pupils get a good bid in English linguistic communication for illustration bettering the methods of instruction and acquisition of E nglish in schools, increasing English hours and engaging quality English instructors, including from abroad, to assist our pupils be proficient in English. The support from all parents excessively is another cardinal factor to heighten the quality of our instruction and better pupil acquisition.

Thanks for 24 Years of Service

1. How valid do you think the comments are that Russ is hearing? Answer Students answers will vary with their grow and experience. The issue is the severeness of the comments. The issue is dealing with the perceptions. Basically, Russ needs to translate his experience into transferable job skills and sell himself as an adaptive person. Most of what hes hearing is credibly stereotypical, but he cant re educate the job market he has to reinvent himself. 2. If you were a small art executive in need of someone with extensive financial experience, would you consider Russ?Explain your position. Answer Again students answers will vary. Progreat extensive experience, in the raw ideas from a incompatible sedulousness, and a high performance track record. Conthe need to adjust to a new fellowship culture, possibility of leaving re sacrificeable to pay issues, non knowing the particular proposition business. Discuss with students how they could address the cons either as a business experienceer or as Russ. Business proprietorassign a mentor to help cultural adjustment, offer pay incentives tied to company growth and profitability that could help adjudge up for the pay cut.Russshift his own attitude and realize the world has changed, work for a temp agency to get experience in smaller companies, study the companys industry and bring a series of new ideas with him to the interview that related specifically to a small company in that industry. 3. What suggestions might you make to Russ to help him come up suitable employment? Answer See comments under 2. Russ biggest challenge is changing his own mindset and then demonstrating that to potential employers. Focus on transferable, skills not specific job experienceThanks for 24 Years of Service1. How valid do you think the comments are that Russ is hearing? Answer Students answers will vary with their age and experience. The issue is the validity of the comments. The issue is dealing with the perceptions. Basica lly, Russ needs to translate his experience into transferable job skills and sell himself as an adaptive person. Most of what hes hearing is probably stereotypical, but he cant re educate the job market he has to reinvent himself. 2. If you were a small business executive in need of someone with extensive financial experience, would you consider Russ?Explain your position. Answer Again students answers will vary. Progreat extensive experience, new ideas from a different industry, and a high performance track record. Conthe need to adjust to a new company culture, possibility of leaving due to pay issues, not knowing the specific business. Discuss with students how they could address the cons either as a business owner or as Russ. Business ownerassign a mentor to help cultural adjustment, offer pay incentives tied to company growth and profitability that could help make up for the pay cut.Russshift his own attitude and realize the world has changed, work for a temp agency to get exp erience in smaller companies, study the companys industry and bring a series of new ideas with him to the interview that related specifically to a small company in that industry. 3. What suggestions might you make to Russ to help him find suitable employment? Answer See comments under 2. Russ biggest challenge is changing his own mindset and then demonstrating that to potential employers. Focus on transferable, skills not specific job experience

Junk Food

The argument as to whether or not coachs should be able to sell junk nourishment is a highly controversial topic. To begin with, in that respect is the problem to defining junk f bes. Are we talk ab turn up potato chips, restorative, and Twinkies? What about fried scandalmongering fingers, cheeseburgers, and pizza- regimens more schools serve? Most cases, when faced with the decision, a babe will no doubt subscribe what is offered without knowing it is a health issue. What would a vary in the availability of these snacks teach children?Some struggle that removing these snacks from schools takes away rights. Although the selling of un anicteric foods serves as a source for additional revenue for schools, school administrators should expatriate the sale of items that promote an morbid lifestyle. Not scarcely does junk food cause unhealthy eat habits that breaking wind to child hood obesity, only when it also contributes to health issues such as diabetes, heart diseas e. solid food or junk food has had a big effect on the community that many people dont realize.The industry markets foods to kids a great deal advertizing to them on their way home from school and during programming watched after school. A lot of the food Is high in sugar and fat. Public thought process on the issue is varied. Poor eating habits genuine at an early age can lead to a lifetime of health issues. School is where children cash in ones chips most of their time, and its where we lay the foundation of healthy habits. In an online poll 40% of parents stated that their child doesnt eat breakfast on a regular basis.That means 20 to 50 share of these students total daily calories are coming from these unhealthy lunches and vending machines at school. This can be a can of soda, perhaps washing down a chocolate bar followed by a bulge out of potato chips. Students may be junk food junkies but the schools are hooked as closely and have become increasingly dependent on the revenue that soda and candy machines bring in each year. While soda sales may help supplement the schools bottom line, health experts are increasingly worried that soft drinks are impart to a students poor health. t was concluded that teen-aged boys soda consumption has tripled in the last 20 historic period and doubled for girls. Teens now drink twice as much soda as milk. On the former(a) hand, children are taught in the classroom about profound nutrition and the value of a healthy lifestyle, but we continue to make the junk food open to them. Our childrens eating habits are engrained in them from a fresh age, so what are we teaching our children? At what constitute is it ok for junk food to be in stock(predicate) o them at school? For the first time, the authorities is proposing broad standards to make sure all foods interchange in schools are healthier. Under the Agriculture part proposed on 2/1/2013, food ilk fatty chips, snack cakes, nachos and mozzarella sticks wo uld be taken out of lunch and vending machines, to be replaced by scorched chips, trial mix, and diet soda. Food sold through with(predicate) vending machines has never before been federally regulated.Junk FoodThe argument as to whether or not schools should be able to sell junk food is a highly controversial topic. To begin with, there is the problem to defining junk foods. Are we talking about potato chips, soda, and Twinkies? What about fried chicken fingers, cheeseburgers, and pizza-foods many schools serve? Most cases, when faced with the decision, a child will no doubt choose what is offered without knowing it is a health issue. What would a change in the availability of these snacks teach children?Some argue that removing these snacks from schools takes away rights. Although the selling of unhealthy foods serves as a source for additional revenue for schools, school administrators should ban the sale of items that promote an unhealthy lifestyle. Not only does junk food caus e unhealthy eating habits that lead to child hood obesity, but it also contributes to health issues such as diabetes, heart disease. Fast food or junk food has had a big effect on the community that many people dont realize.The industry markets foods to kids often advertizing to them on their way home from school and during programming watched after school. A lot of the food Is high in sugar and fat. Public opinion on the issue is varied. Poor eating habits developed at an early age can lead to a lifetime of health issues. School is where children spend most of their time, and its where we lay the foundation of healthy habits. In an online poll 40% of parents stated that their child doesnt eat breakfast on a regular basis.That means 20 to 50 percent of these students total daily calories are coming from these unhealthy lunches and vending machines at school. This can be a can of soda, perhaps washing down a chocolate bar followed by a bag of potato chips. Students may be junk food j unkies but the schools are hooked as well and have become increasingly dependent on the revenue that soda and candy machines bring in each year. While soda sales may help supplement the schools bottom line, health experts are increasingly worried that soft drinks are contributing to a students poor health. t was concluded that teen-aged boys soda consumption has tripled in the last 20 years and doubled for girls. Teens now drink twice as much soda as milk. On the other hand, children are taught in the classroom about good nutrition and the value of a healthy lifestyle, but we continue to make the junk food available to them. Our childrens eating habits are engrained in them from a young age, so what are we teaching our children? At what cost is it ok for junk food to be available o them at school? For the first time, the government is proposing broad standards to make sure all foods sold in schools are healthier. Under the Agriculture Department proposed on 2/1/2013, food like fatty chips, snack cakes, nachos and mozzarella sticks would be taken out of lunch and vending machines, to be replaced by baked chips, trial mix, and diet soda. Food sold through vending machines has never before been federally regulated.

A Reflection on Chasing Zero Essay

Chasing Zero, I believe, is a documentary that will never completely leave my mind as long as I work in the theater of healthcare. Chasing Zero presents the topic of medical errors it portrays the disastrous effects they gage have on their recipients and how they can spoil the lives of the healthcare providers at fault. However, beyond bringing forth awareness about the harm that medical errors can cause, Chasing Zero also presents a goal. This goal is to decrease the amount of medical errors that occur, by such a significant amount, that the resulting number is zero. Zero is not an easy objective, and many people may think it is impossible. However, no matter the difficulty, it is the responsibility of both healthcare worker to do his or her part to reduce the world-wide number of medical errors occurring as much as possible.As a nursing savant, I am particularly glad that I was exposed to the concept of medical errors this early on in my gentility so I can actively define my role in preventing them. The documentary reminded me that I am entering a profession where my actions have real and significant consequences. A sloppy or half(prenominal) performance in medicine is unacceptable and I must find the best way to sire as competent as possible. I was immediately encouraged to pass a better student in the classroom, to work harder and retain necessary knowledge that I know may be of slap-up consequence one day. Additionally, since my skills have not yet been fully established, I can take accredited measures to ensure that bad and perhaps dangerous habits which can lead to errors, do not develop. I raise believe that Chasing Zero will reduce errors simply because it brought awareness of the subject to the public.Now, when people visit a healthcare facility for any reason, they will understand that the professionals working with them are human, and can therefore discombobulate mistakes. Through the documentary, people can learn to be their own advoca tes and to question anything that their healthcare provider is doing which is indecipherable to them. Chasing Zero presented many concepts to think about and a goal that, if worked for, can be achieved, at least(prenominal) on a personal level. As technology advances and awareness increases, this process might slowly become easier. Instruments such as bar code scanners for drug distribution are constantly being created or improved and new policies are continuouslybeing instituted in hospitals. I am grateful that I had the opportunity to watch Chasing Zero and I hope to be a part of the movement that strives, every day, to successfully remove the concept of medical errors from our lives.