Causes of Plagiarism Essay -- Plagiarism Essays

plagiarization has become a major issue among university savants around the world. Academic fuck up has been a concern to those teaching at the universities. Hence, to prevent this from occurring the educational bodies bring implemented measures to avoid plagiarisation. Presently, the newly recruited students atomic number 18 informed of the consequences of plagiarism and that merchantman action is in place (Ashworth, Bannister, & Thorne,1997,p.1). However, plagiarism can be separate into two parts deliberate and inadvertent. Presented here are the reasons why student plagiarism is considered quite high at western universities, even though many of the university students do not mean to cheat. There are deuce-ace reasons as follows (1) wishing of clear understanding about the concept (2) lack of knowledge about citation and referencing skills and (3) poor time management. The first point is on definitions of plagiarism and the differences between two types of plagiarism, rea sons for inadvertent plagiarism, and lastly why international students have became the most plagiarising students in western universities. Plagiarism is cardinal type of academic misconduct which is treated seriously in at onces universities. Plagiarism is defined as literary theft, stealing ( by copying ) the words or ideas of someone else and passing them off as ones own without crediting the source(Handa & Power, n.d., p.66). For example, use of any solid which is taken from any sources, such as books, electric journals, the Internet, or from new(prenominal) peoples work comprises plagiarism. There are two types of plagiarism (1) deliberate (intention to cheat) (2) inadvertent (no intention to cheat). If students do it on purpose or intend to cheat, it means that the students have cheated... ...), 471-488.http//www.elearning.tcu.edu/resources/faculty/turnitin/Why%20Students%20Plagiarize.pdfPeter Ashwortha, Philip Bannistera, Pauline Thornea, Guilty in whose eyes? University students perceptions of cheating and plagiarism in academic work and assessment Studies in Higher Education, Volume 22, Issue 2, 1997Roig, Miguel (1997) fecal matter Undergraduate Students Determine Whether Text Has Been Plagiarized, The Psychological Record Vol. 47 Iss. 1, word 7. Available at http//opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/tpr/vol47/iss1/7Walker, John. Student Plagiarism in Universities What are we Doing About it? Higher Education Research & Development, Volume 17, Issue 1, 1998http//www.tandfonline.com/inside/abs/10.1080/0729436980170105?journalCode=cher20Wang, Y. (2008). University student online plagiarism. International Journal on E-Learning,7(4), 743-757.

Women at Work

identification Article summary The article Family Coping Strategies Balancing Paid trading and Domestic Labour by Meg Luxton sheds a different human face on the responsibilities laid out in family bread and butter. In todays society its or so a necessity to vex both p atomic number 18nts realizeing, to support a family. This f moment, on with the improvement of females having independence, is the cause of the ever growing number of bating women. These, along with umteen other statistics are showing the rapid improvement and transplant that woman and families are showing. Year after year we can jut the dynamics of the family shifting.It is not the same anyto a greater extent, that women are the crime syndicatewives doing all the housework and childcare. besides women still baffle to work to get the comparability, and not pack to face The second shift once they get home. Husbands adopt to start stepping up and help out. Workplaces too need to step up, in the sense th at they need to guess and create better working environments for women. Unions have been formed to try to perfect benefits, and to shed light on the negative aspects they may have. This total article shows an inte peace of minding view on family coping strategies, and gives lots for multitude to think about.Societys gender portions are changing significantly with the rise in the amount of women who are contributing to the yearly income of their households. It has been proven that because women are get-go to contribute to household incomes it has resulted in increased satis accompanimention between husbands and wives and excuses from males such(prenominal) as Im the one convey home the money, I deserve to rest when I get home are becoming less valid. A statistics Canada survey in 1995 stated that 64% of women who worked said it was essential for their delight and 55% agreed that it was the best way to be independent.Females at work who are married no longer have to depend on their husbands for their needs because they are able to provide them on their own. Unlike the many women who stay with their spouse in an unhappy or abusive relationship cod to the resource theory which is a theory that explains how women pass on not leave in fear that if they do they will not be able to support themselves, most working women with a stable line of reasoning will easily find the strength to leave because they are to a greater extent independent.Having a prank gives women a sense of control of their lives and an overall high gear self-esteem because they are recognized by their husbands as well as children for their work. Not only does it give women something to do, it likewise ensures stability in ones family income. here are a few statistics that demonstrate the contest of balancing pay employment and municipal labor within the family setting in Canada. This challenge arises because of the inequalities between what men and women earn in the work crusade a nd excessively because of the uneven distribution of chores in un pay domestic labor.If we compare salaries in 1997, men had the higher income of the couple in 77% of Canadian families. (Globe and air 21 Feb. 2000). This situation has however improved since the early 60s when 70% of women in male-female couples were dependent on their spouse as the sole income provider. (Oderkirk, Silver and Prudhomme 1994. ) excessively when couples divorced mens incomes raised on average 10% whereas womens income usually decreased by 23% in 1997(Toronto Star 10 April 1997).Women expression pressured to work from home or part- fourth dimension because they are often expect to do most of the domestic labour and this is their way to balance the two. In 1993 they represented nearly 70% of Canadian part-time workers (Ghalam 1993). On sacramental manduction of domestic labour front, are still generally the ones to do the raft of it although men have been more active in this part of family life si nce the 70s. Women are involved the most in childcare. In 1998, 80 per centum of women spent more than 15 hours on childcare compared to only 49% of men (Statistics Canada 1998a).These statistics show some improvement in the overall equality between the work load divided between men and women in families. However women are still usually found in a position of disadvantage compared to men. The fact that women have joined the work force doesnt seem to have impacted the way man act at home. Even though there have been many chances end-to-end the years on how women are seen in society and there role it, there hasnt been oft change when it comes to domestic labour. It is still very invoke segregated.In the past adult man were those had the primary duty of earning the income for the family composition the role for an adult woman was to act as the housewives whose primary responsibility was running the family home, having children and care for its members. Yet now that women share t he responsibility of bringing in the income, the logic would that man also help around the house but instead what is now happening is that women find themselves carrying out the ternary shift, where they go to work in the morning and then they go home to cook, lean, get the kids to bed and have their things prepared for next day. callable to this inequality of household work between men and women, women find themselves at a disadvantage because they have to learn to balance both domestic labour and paying(a) work, which results in them not putting as much effort in their job as they could, therefore they do not reach their best potential which results in lack of opportunities for them. Some oeuvre calls their work family friendly.What this means for them is women can come at work a bit earlier and leave earlier. A few women have struggled to make workplaces more cooperative for their person lives. They have fought for maternity, parental, etc. in order to reconcile care of the ir love ones. Family friendly workplace as well includes women taking their specific amount of sickness geezerhood (allowed days run into) to go take care of their family and once those days ended, therefore will unpaid for additional days taken.Some will have three weeks off to taking care of their hospitalized husband but will be paid only one week. They are basically losing 66. 7% of their paycheck due that. Those women will have to leave their husband at home to take care of themselves and will have to go back to work due to the time allowed was only three weeks. What the employers do not know is the fact they become anxious therefore difficult to focus at work. or so workplace relies on women workers who are experienced or more arch(prenominal) because it is hard to replace them.Therefore, those women are more advantaged to have more franchise than others. The time you have off at work it is very moderate that women will have to sacrifice in order to balance family and pa id work. Employers do not understand or ignores the fact that those women have family and the time (days off allowed) given is insufficient for them. In conclusion nowadays its harder to survive with only one income so both men and women have to bring an income to be able to accommodate to todays needs.A job for women brings a sense of control to their life and independence. Although employers have given benefits to women such as maternity leave which is great because women dont have to worry about since they will have an income coming while caring for their newborn , yet these benefits that employers give them can sometimes be seen as superficial because they know that women tend to need to leave work more often than men ( because they take care of the family) employers are most believably going to ive promotion to men or hiring men for the more all important(p) position witch leaves women in what is known as the glass capital where their chances of going up in their career is r educed . Women dont only face inequality at work but they also face it at home where domestic labour is still sex segregation and women come home to the second shift where they are expect to take care of household work. We all need to realize that women are both important in the workforce and for the childrearing therefore we should encourage them to grasp doing both by giving them the proper support that they deserve.

Article Review Gill, Valerie Essay

In the bind Catharine Beecher and Charlotte Perkins Gilman Architects of Female Power by author Valerie Gill, Ms. Gill searchs to bridge the gap between what appears to be ii powerful wo men of their time with dickens totally different opinions of the American muliebrity and the type of life they should lead. The author points come out the obvious distinctions of opinions in the literature of the two women, who are related by the way, and the different era in which they write.Catharine Beecher was the great aunt of Charlotte Perkins Gilman and lived and wrote during a time when a muliebrity running(a) in any other place besides the home was not more or lessthing that happened often. A womans job during this time was to raise children and absorb the home a warm, inviting space that had functionality that would allow for separate spheres for the men and women, allowing the men to have a place to discuss outside ventures and women to have a place to deal with domestic ma tters.Charlotte Perkins Gilman on the other hand, lived during a current where productivity was happening in factories all over the country. Her feminist attempt to undo her great aunts motif that women should be appoint to only the home made it appear that the two women had absolutely nix in coarse when it came to the ideas on how women should be viewed socially. Gill points out how the two very different opinions actually have many things in common. some(prenominal) women agree that the role of women is very grand to the health of society, even though they disagree on what their roles should be. By suggesting that each writer knows what is the best arrangement for women to experience shows another similarity between the two writers.As pointed out by Gill, Both writers conceptualize the identity of women in spatial as well as socioeconomic terms, assuming that the fulfillment of their own enkindle can be quite literally mapped out. The author makes a point that even though their opinions of what is ideal are very different, the idea that there is one way to make women live a rise life is exactly the same. Both women also had the common conclusion that the womans place, whether it is in the home working or in the milling machinery working, would make a great impact on the society.Architectural ideas as to better society are another thing these two authors had in common, as pointed out by Gill in the member. The elder author Beecher would make drawings in her articles about staging the home and using dividers as a way to make more areas in the home, and Gilman, being implicated about the lives led by farmers wives, included drawings of a farming residential area shaped like a pie that had common areas to share, as to make life easier for them.Interesting enough, Gill included in her article a picture of a drawing done by Beecher, along with her sister Harriet Beecher Stowe, later in life of a turn back of houses with common areas used  to house the homeless, helpless, and vicious which very much resembled Gilmans block community idea where people shared common spaces and so that some women could take care of the children and household duties while others went out in the community to work.This is an excellent example of Beecher have in minding like Gilman in the mixing of common and private space. It is my opinion that the aging Beecher was beginning to think out of the box. This article was insightful and gave a great example of how people with a difference of opinion can actually be thinking the same.If one only prove the two womens writings without an open mind, one would think they were completely different and had totally different ideas. Valerie Gill allowed the reader of the article to view a situation such as this one in a different way and to keep an open mind and read between the lines of any writings. I would have liked to have seen her go on and discuss the idea that some women may belong at ho me and some may belong in the workforce. I moot that every woman has a different situation to consider and what is important to one woman may not be important to another.

Industrialization and Urbanization of Indian Society

In the recent years, the industrialization and urbanization of Indian society has led to an increase in the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere. transfer contamination is defined as a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air which has harmful and poisonous effects. Various experiments and studies have shown that long precondition exposure to such air defilement can lead to thoughtful health issues such as aggravated cardiovascular and respiratory illness, speed aging of lungs, diseases like asthma, bronchitis, cancer and a shortened life span. consort to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 12 million population die from environmental health risks annually. Air taint has become the fourth highest risk factor for premature deaths.Such degradation in the air grapheme levels has made air pollution a serious threat at a global level, especially for the developing countries, towards the sustainability of mankind. This has grabbed the attention of public as w ell as the government agencies.An air quality index (AQI) is a parameter use by the government agencies to communicate to the public how bemire the air quality currently is and how polluted it is forecast to become. As the AQI of a region increases, an increasingly large percentage of population of that area allow for experience adverse health effects.Several projects have been launched to combat air pollution in all major countries worldwide.For e.g. 1) Hebei Air Pollution Prevention and train Program (HAP- 201618) project in China to reduce the emissions of specific pollutants in Hebei 2) The Odd-Even Scheme implemented by the Indian Government in bailiwick capital Delhi (2016). There are ceaseless fighting efforts for air pollution reduction all around the world.As an endeavor on the physique of machine learning based air quality forecasting, this report presents an hatchway and algorithmic details of various statistical gravels in solving this dispute problem. The Machin e Learning models used in this study, to facilitate the prediction of pollutant concentrations, acknowledgeLinear regressionLogistic RegressionPolynomial regressionRandom Forest ClassificationDecision Tree RegressionDecision Tree ClassificationSupport Vector regressionSupport Vector ClassificationKNN ClassificationWe maneuver our air pollution forecast to the city of Delhi, India as it is at the headland for battling against air pollution. We focus on predicting the Air Quality Index (AQI) level of Delhi, as it is a quantitative method to profile air pollution level. In order to reduce the pollution levels in Delhi, we will be analyzing 5 pollutants and 5 other environment parameters responsible for increase in AQI levels. The fixed station data is taken for 3 stations viz. NSIT (Dwarka), RK Puram and Shadipur .ObjectivesCompare results of Air Quality Index (AQI) values obtained by distinct regression models and indeed propose the best model.Classify the dataset into 5 differ ent AQI categories, and then use Classification models to forecast the pollution category for next month.Analyze the most(prenominal) prominent pollutant, using Back Propagation, responsible for air pollution and apprize methods to control it.The rest of this paper is organized as follows Section II describes related work, and Section III provides background on data sources, participatory sensing systems and details the 5 regression and 5 classification models used in this study.Section IV describes the steps in our model, while model implementation and estimation accuracy is studied in Section V. The paper concludes in Section VI.

Foucault – Power/Knowledge

Foucaults theorisation of the force out/ association kindred Foucault in theorizing the relationship in the midst of agency and knowledge basic eachy focused on how creator operated in the institutions and in its techniques. The point is how antecedent was supported by knowledge in the function of institutions of penalisation. He office staffs the body at the centre of the struggles between contrasting beations of condition/knowledge. The techniques of regulation are applied to the body (Wheterell et al. , 2001 78) Power is the magnate to control others or anes entity. concordly it asshole be defined as a good-hearted of strength or as an authority. in that respect are various theorisations about the meaning of this term in sociology thus it would be hard to give a comprehensive definition. Is situation a relationship? What kind of outcome does it produce? Can it change behaviour and can it reduce the source of others? (Waters, 1994 217) All of these questions can be answered in a different way. The point might be e reallywhere whom and upon what can this power be exercised. Foucault frequently uses power and knowledge in concert in the phrase power/knowledge. He claims these devil are inseparable.A world-wide expression exists which conjoins the twain into knowledge is power. Foucault reverses the logic of this expression in arguing that possession of knowledge does not give one power only gaining power means having knowledge at the selfsame(prenominal) sentence as knowledge is already deeply invested with power thus it is rectify to agree on power is knowledge. (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008 643) Knowledge can be expounded as the awareness of some fact or as a skill that the individual(a) achieved or inherited. In Foucaults interpretation twain idea turned up in the analysis of the Panopticon and the plague stricken town.Being aware of the steadyts happened somewhere is knowledge and this knowledge gives power to those whom got t o know about that events although this knowledge could not substantiate been acquired in the neglect of power as in that location would not induce been whatever chance to get into a position which allows the thoughtfulness to get to know something. That is the rump of Foucaults idea about knowledge and power as one and the reason for why is serious to think other about the power is knowledge and knowledge is power correspondence. airfield and Punish (1975) is Foucaults go around genealogical probe. Appelrouth and Edles, 2008 643) At the beginning he describes a general badgering which was a totally accepted from of punishment in the 18th cytosine. dramatically introduces the whole process without attitudinizing as those days public execution was a common event, the illustrated paroxysm was as real as he presents it. As norms and attitudes changed in latter(prenominal) centuries public wrings has generate not popular anymore, populate were sentenced to go to prison where a completely different punishment scheme has been running. Foucault describes typical activities and every day life of the cons.The point of these two presentations is to examine that the changes of methods of punishment correlate with cultural and social changes in the all- season indian lodge. (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008 648) In the second part he draws a parallel between the obstreperous mechanics used by plague-stricken cities in the late seventeenth century and Benthams Panopticon which was intended to be the model for the perfectly rational and good prison. (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008 648) The point of these comparisons is to reveal how knowledge developed and how this development influenced the society.As knowledge grows and becomes deeper the recent understanding of the social and tangible world generates current locations for the finishing of power. (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008 646) Foucault describes two old mechanisms which was widely used, the public ex ecution as an old form of punishment and the actions against plague that emerged in a town. A new type of punishment became popular which aims to punish the soul not the body as it was common before. There is no more physical torture but torture of the soul.These two old mechanisms alien to the latter methods the usage of new strict rules that determines the prisoners life and the new method of control, the idea of the Panopticon which put surveillance from single one place forward. When plague turned up the old placement followed the then methods of reflection and surveillance, plague was everywhere thus the supporting power must have been mobilized. In this case power is mobilized it makes itself everywhere present and visible it invents new mechanism it separates it immobilizes etc. o make people act as it was expected in these conditions (because of the plague almost every interactions must have been stopped in the interest of getting rid of the disease). (Foucault, 1975) The Panopticon instead of practice power from several sides emphasises the importance and perfection of the surveillance focus from one place. The Panopticon is a create which has an annual part in the periphery and a chromatography column in the centre. Next to omitting little details its most important feature is the ability to see into every cells without world visible. The panoptic mechanism arranges spatial unities that make it possible to see incessantly and to recognize immediately. (Calhoun et al. , 2007 209) The instinct of being watched make people put on their outflank behaviour, their best way of acting thus the inmates do not commit any further discourtesys as it usually occurs that could happen without being watched. The operation of this building gives the opportunity to work with slight employees because only a few overseers necessity being in the tower to check all the cells continuously. This way only a few supervisors needed to control these employees thus it is more economical.The surveillance of the plague-stricken town would have cost a lot as a complex system ran which needed a big amount of advertise force. As techniques develop and new forms of penalty system emerge be become lesser. Knowledge grows and makes institutions more efficient as knowledge itself is efficient. As knowledge grows the techniques of cogitation and surveillance multiply such that power takes on an ever-increasing number of forms. (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008 646) The question is if knowledge produces more power or comes from power. The major(ip) effect of the Panopticon is to induce in the inmate a state of witting and permanent visibility that assures the automatic functioning of power. (Calhoun et al. , 2007 210) Accordingly power is what is functioning all the age and knowledge could not be without presence of power. Although as Faucault (1975) claims power and knowledge directly imply one another there is no power relation without the correlativ e constitution of a report of knowledge, nor any knowledge that does not presuppose and constitute at the same time power relations.Thus knowledge and power can not exist independently from each other. Benthams laid shine two principles about power relating to the Panopticon it must be visible and unverifiable. The inmates will constantly have before their eyes the tall outline of the central tower from which they are spied upon and must never know whether they are being looked, but they must be sure that they may everlastingly be so. (Calhoun et al. , 2007 210) These two principles give the opportunity to exercise power over the prisoners. The other very important thing is that this system is not only successful in prison but in every kind of institutions.Could be practise in school or even in an office, people became successfully regulated by the power if vision. The idea of the Panopticon is a metaphor for the general presence of a new penalty system which is called the disci plinary society by Foucault. (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008 644) This society is discipline by being constantly watched and penalise by excluded them from normal society. Criminals and those whom do not follow the laid down rules are not punished in front of public anymore. There is no need to express power visibly to gain mental picture in it. Waters, 1994 231-232) Panopticonseque surveillance has become so effective that individuals now guarantee and normalize their own behaviour without any prompting, surveilling and disciplining themselves as if they were simultaneously the inmate and guard of their own self-produced Panopticon. (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008 646) What if that surveillance is not that effective and something breaks the discipline? The whole system can lose its power when turns out that this observation is not accurate. Surveillance must be continuous all the time otherwise people lose their belief in the power of it. erst someone realises that can commit an law-b reaking or just do something against the rules without being caught the whole system can be questioned. The best exemplification for this is public cameras all over the streets nowadays, although people know that they are visible whatever they do still commit crimes and do unacceptable things. The offender can not be completely sure about being watched or not. The same situation prevails in a school or office where the employees and students know that they can be lucky and might be not watched.If once punishment does not take place the individual can take under consideration the fact of being always watched thus disciplined behaviour is not guaranteed anymore. Foucaults genealogical investigation is about to look on how power/knowledge and forms of punishment changed during the yesteryear few centuries. Until turn of the nineteenth century sorry deviance was controlled by public attacks on the offenders body. (Waters, 1994 231) macrocosm execution was quite an common in the 18 th Century (although it is still ongoing even today in some countries), Foucault identifies such punishments as political rituals. Waters, 1994 231) single-foot was the expression of power, presented how the offender is punished if commits an offence against the only crowned head power. This sovereign power was one centralized authority, like a king. (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008 643) According to Foucault punishment went through another two legs since public tortures (which is the first deliver). This form of punishment is considered unacceptable nowadays, but not because it goes too far, rather it is because punishment and the power that guides it have taken new, more acceptable forms. (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008 643) Punishment became nonvisual and kinder to the body, to be disciplined was the point rather than to be punished. The second stage of penal practices was based on surveillance and discipline what was aimed to harm the mind. (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008 644) Public exe cution can be considered as a terrible kind of punishment, but torture of the mind is the worst. Physical pain could have been unsupportable during these public tortures but psychical pain over historic period and years is tougher as it has no end.With the birth of prison power started to practice the new, less crucial form of penalty which may be more obscure than it seems. Foucaults three stages can be distinguished by the time period when that form of punishment were popular, by the basis of authority/power was in power, and by the methods how these punishments were practiced. In the 18th Century, as it was mentioned before, the penalty system was leaded by a central authority which could have been a king or one single corporation of the government.The method was a kind of public corporal punishment that is in Foucaults Discipline and Punish the public execution, the public torture. (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008 646 Table 15. 2) In addition this torture took place in public. Lat er on among so many changes torture as a public spectacle disappeared. (Foucault, 1975) The second phase of punishment emerged in the 19th-20th Century when the basis of power was a decentralized institution. Methods were based on surveillance and discipline like in Benthams Panopticon or in the plague-stricken town. Appelrouth and Edles, 2008 646 Table 15. 2) Today, in the 21th Century we are in the third stage of punishment where there are multiple principles about the authority of the penalty system, multiple self-regulations exist and power is diffusive. The trend of the second phase is intensify in the third. Power has become destructed and individualized, disciplinary individuals turned up. No longer are social structures and specific institutions necessary for the exercise of power and the meting out of punishment. (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008 646) In Discipline and punish Foucault analyses the ways how the offender is disciplined in different punishment regimes. In early tim es punishments were crude, prisons were places into which the public could wander. (Wheterell et al. , 2001 78) The latter form of regulation and power became private. Inmates were closed into prisons with an occult system. Public could not see into these institutions anymore. Punishment became individualized and the body has become a site of a new kind of disciplinary regime.Of ladder this body is not simply the natural body which all homosexual beings possess at all times. (Wheterell et al. , 2001 78) Knowledge determines this body, the knowledge about the offence and offender. This body is produced within discourse the state of knowledge about crime and criminal, what counts as true about how to change or deter criminal behaviour This is a radically historicized conception of the body. (Wheterell et al. , 2001 78) Foucault carried out a genealogical analysis of punishment and discipline.This analysis, among others, was based on the power/knowledge relationship which was at least as altering as the forms of the penalty systems were showed in the historical review. Various techniques were used to punish and these techniques were influenced by the exercised power in one place one time. The perfect institution to practice power and discipline/punish offenders is the building of the Panopticon. According to Foucault this building is the answer for all questions turned up with other methods of punishment.Bibliography Appelrouth, Scott and Laura Desfor Edles. 2007. Classical and contemporary sociological system text and readings. Pine Forge Press 641-665. Calhoun, Craig J. , Joseph Gerteis and James Moody. 2007. Contemporary sociological theory. Wiley-Blackwell 209-216. Foucault, Michel. 1995. Discipline & punish. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. Waters, Malcolm. 1994. Modern sociological theory. SAGE 217-233. Wetherell, Margaret, Stephanie Taylor, Simeon Yates. 2001. talk of theory and practice a reader. SAGE.

Cause and Effect of Cigarette Smoking

It is mandatory for this message to be printed on either pack because of how serious the effects of fastball(a) are and how easy it is to move addicted to smoking them. There are millions of campaigns and advertisements against cigarette smoking communicating to the world that this terrible habit causes galore(postnominal) illnesses ultimately leading to finale. al whiz a threat to health obviously does not seem to be a good enough reason for commonwealth to quit anymore, people well-nighhow block this important information and ignore all of the practical consequences they are facing themselves with when they continue to smoke.The purpose of this essay is to discuss some of the legion(predicate) effects of cigarette smoking, including the broadly mentioned possibility of pullulateing crab louse or dying. Lung pubic louse is the leading cause of crabmeat death for both(prenominal) men and women. Cigarette smoking is directly responsible for 87 per centum of lung crabm eat cases in the United States annually. Both non small jail cell lung domiciliatecer and small lung cancer can be caused by cigarette smoking, cigar smoking and second hand smoke.It can be difficult to diagnosis lung cancer early because the symptoms often do not present themselves aggressively until the unsoundness is in advanced stages, which puts people in an even worse situation. If cancer is found, the doctor will take the time to do some re-create which is determining whether it has spread to other parts of the body such as the brain or bones. One of the stages is referred to as Stage 0 non-small cell lung cancer which is also called carcinoma.It is the earliest stage that lung cancer can typically be detected moreover unfortunately for people bound to sweep away this cancer, it is rarely found at this stage, and when it is, it is normally an incidental finding when testing is done for some other reason. Lung cancer should be completely curable at this stage, meaning n ot in all cases. With that being said, many people with stage 0 lung cancer, have or will develop second primary cancers. 20 percent of all deaths from tit complaint in the United States are directly related to cigarette smoking.The soreness is the most important organ in the body, pumping blood, life-giving oxygen and nutrients to all tissues of the body. If the pumping action of the heart establishs inefficient, vital organs standardised the brain and kidneys suffer, like a chain reaction. Death will occur within minutes if the heart stops working altogether. It is astonishing how life itself is completely underage on the efficient operation of the heart and people still settle to take up the habit of smoking, leading to this disease.There are many kinds of heart disease, each of them affecting the heart in several ways, one of them being coronary artery disease which is directly related to smoking. coronary artery disease is atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, creat ing blockages in the vessels that nourish the heart itself. Atherosclerosis occurs when the arteries become clogged and narrowed, restricting blood flow, ultimately esurient the heart of oxygen and other vital nutrients it depends on to work properly. Lungs become damaged due to reactions to irritants entering the airways and alveoli and lead to emphysema.The major cause of emphysema is smoking. When people are exposed to cigarette smoke, the air sacs of the lungs create defensive attitude cells known as macrophages, which eat the inhaled particles. Macrophages are stimulated to release materials which can destroy the proteins that allow the lungs to expand and contract, called collagen. This causes difficulty for a person to give-up the ghost so the next breath taken is started with more air in the lungs. The trapped old air takes up space so the alveoli, little air sacs in lungs, are unable to fill with enough warm air to supply the body with the appropriate oxygen.This cause s someone to be compact of breath and diminishes the ability to properly exhale. Will all of the information provided in the world and all of the advertisement including the warning posted on any pack of cigarettes against the use of these harmful vises, you would think we would have less smokers, but that is incorrect. You would also assume that with all the damage that comes with smoking over the years, including death that we would have fewer smokers, but again, that is incorrect. People still insist on putting themselves in harms way and continue to be smokers.

The Imporance of Parental Authority

The record and purpose of maternal dominance is to adopt and instruct towards achieving a good, as many philosophers will agree on. However, at that place are certain philosophers that differ on the rational use of agnatic authority. Some will adhere to the notion that maternal authority essential be bounded to moral law, whereas others believe in the divine temper of parental authority. Nevertheless, most philosophers will agree that the correct use of parental authority for any family will dictate the success or blow in achieving the truest good for themselves.Both Allan Blooms The Clean ticket and Rabbi Normal Lamms Traditional Judaic Family Values offer shrewdness to the use, nature, and purpose of parental authority in the familys consummation of goodness. Rabbi Norman Lamm presents a model for parental authority in the traditional Jewish family. The father of a Jewish family is typically the source of authority for the family, still is not considered the absolute authority. The use of the fathers authority is exercised as the absolute source, meaning there is no democratic debate amongst each member of the family to come to a decision.As Lamm notes, the degeneration of the novel-day Jewish family stems from authority figures not exercising proper discipline, letting the family flake out into this liberal posture (726). The nature and purpose of parental authority is in the long run meant to direct the pip-squeak to his or her truest good. However, it is false to believe that the father of this idealise family is acting al mavin in instructing children. The father, as Lamm writes, is not only the patent and present focus of authoritybut he is also a symbol, the representative and refractor of a Higher Authority (728).There is, in this statework forcet, a direct implication that the father is only the focus to an authority that is enormouser than himself, and in working with that divine authority will direct the child to his or her g ood. In regularize for the family to achieve its fundamental goodness, the father must express his authority in relation with that which is greater than the family itself. The family, therefore, must be grounded and mutually committed to the authority bestowed upon them by parents and divine power.Lamm paints a sketch that parental authority is given to parents through the superior, and parents must bestow this knowingness of authority upon their children as a way to develop them towards achieving good, thus get-go a cycle in which these children will pass the same traditions of authority to their children. In conclusion, Lamm explains that achieving fundamental happiness for the family only comes through an awareness of the transcendent and adhering to that in the exercise of parental authority. Allan Bloom, in The Clean Slate, comments on the state of moral education in the past and how it has evolved in the red-brick day.The use of parental authority is essential to the mora l development of adolescents and boylike adults, gibe to Bloom. The family is meant to provide, above all else, a deep and enriching moral education, one that promotes and cultivates rational thinking in the service of a moral education. However, the achievement of this moral education draws similarities to the argument of Lamm, in that it is dependent upon a sacred commitment to ritual and tradition, while upholding and communicating the knowledge of great literary writings.An important distinction here is to note the importance Bloom places upon great books. He notes that the family must read these as they are a highroad to a without end truth. These great books bestow upon the family something that modern media and culture corporationnot, a true vision of the order of the whole of things as well as a sense of wisdom of the true nature of things. He writes, The family requires a certain authority and wisdom about the ways of the heavens and of men (57). Every member of the f amily, as a way to achieve a fundamental goodness, must be well versed in timeless teachings, rituals, and ceremonies.Bloom does point to several issues in our history as a nation that are having a direct impact on the nature and use of parental authority. If parental authority is meant to give children a compound moral education and bring about goodness, how is it supposed to be that we can still achieve this with many technological distractions and a shift remote from writings of revelation and truth? He comments that many parents in modern American families are moving away from the higher and more individual family life of their ancestors that provided a true moral education.Bloom believes that in order to restore what the family has lost, it must start with providing a firm exercise of parental authority through the use of great literature, ritual and traditional, to achieve a sacred unity. The fundamental goodness of a family exists when it is cultivating an environment that presents to the young a vision of a moral cosmos and of the rewards and punishment of good and mephistophelean, otherwise the world remains disenchanted with no fundamental truths. A disenchanted life awaits all that do not participate in the great revelations and epics that point us to the true natural vision of life, according to Bloom.

Future of Policing Proposal Essay

Policing is not righteous keeping the peace in nowadayss society. Police officers concord several responsibilities and also saucy engineering to learn. New technology helps fairness enforcement preform a bust job in communication, crime solving, decreasing crime and making communities a better place to live for citizens and their families. Biometrics and GPS tracking atomic number 18 twain useful technologies that have made the law able to catch criminals, and sour crimes quicker and more sufficient. Biometrics modalities use by constabulary enforcement is fingerprints, desoxyribonucleic acetous (Blood), and conditions of the voice and faces of victims. Then GPS Tracking helps law enforcement keep track of some other police officers, or GPS faecal matter be apply to tract a suspect if he or she is running away from the law. There be m some(prenominal) vehicles that come standard with the GPS trunk that makes it easier for law enforcement to track a car if it has be en stolen the owner.The future of the GPS tracking system may be identifying as leaving things like, the satellites, cameras, computers that get out have been powerful, all in all just leaving all the complicated technology in the past. In todays time you need three working satellites in invest to foil a good enough signal for your GPS, and even because you it might take a minute or two to get an accurate destined location. There be places all around the earthly concern where you jackpotnot get both satellite signal, and even in big cities, it can become very difficult to get signal.The world-first approach to visual pilotage algorithms, which has been dubbed SeqSLAM (Sequence Simultaneous Localization and Mapping), uses local best match and sequence mention components to lock in locations. SeqSLAM uses the self-confidence that you are already in a specific location and tests that assumption over and over again. For example if I am in a kitchen in an office block, the algorithm makes the assumption Im in the office block, looks around and identifies signs that match a kitchen. Then if I stepped out into the corridor it would test to see if the corridor matches the corridor in the lively data of the office block lay out. Said by Dr. Michael Milford from Queensland University of engineering science (QUT).Biometrics is all the quantifiable biological or behavioral characteristics utilize for the identification and classification of individuals. Fingerprints are the most common biometric modality used by law enforcement, but there are others. These modalities include deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), voice and facial patterns. Biometrics also consists of all the various technologies used to categorize and recognize human characteristics.Biometric fingerprint scanning works because fingerprints are unique to each individual. People are born with a pattern of ridges and valleys on their fingers. These patterns are created thru a number of genetic and en vironmental factors. As a unique marker, a skilled analyst or a fingerprint scanner can recognize the patterns and use it to identify the psyche the fingerprint belongs to. Biometric fingerprint au indeedtication is used to securing access to info and technology. The fingerprint of an authorized user is scanned and kept on record. The user swipes its finger along the scanner and only those with the proper clearance is allowed to enter or have access to the teaching.The Federal Bureau of Investigation has a biometric system know as Integrated Automated Fingerprint appointment System (IAFIS). The system is a national fingerprint and criminal history catalog. The system is unattached to law enforcement officers from the local, state, and federal levels. It allows an execution to makes inquiries 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. IAFIS aids policing organizations in solving and preventing crimes and catching criminals ahead they break the law again. The system gives law enforcement access to its automatic fingerprint database, its considerable look for capacity, electronic picture storage, and allows for the electronic exchange of fingerprints. The system contains the information on over 70 million criminal subjects in its master bill along with the fingerprints of 73,000 known and suspected terrorists investigated by the get together States and international law enforcement agencies.All biometric systems do have a potential weakness associated with it. inappropriate passwords and pin codes which can be changed easily, fingerprints cannot be altered. Should the stored digital copy be stolen and used for fraudulent transactions, the user would have little recourse to frame the situation as they cannot change their prints. They would be unable to use every biometric fingerprint scanner in the future as there go out always be doubts and concerns about the authenticity of their prints.Gun use and asylum is an important issue around the world and especi ally in the United States. Mytec Technologies are working with American firearms manufacturer Smith & Wesson on a smart catalyst. The partnership is intended to create a gun that provide prevent anyone other than authorized users from shooting the weapon. The focus of the articulatio venture is to build a programmable handgun which will prevent any accidental shootings. The system will use finger tip sensing element on the handle of the gun that will read the fingerprint. It will then convert the fingerprint into a digital medium and compare the impudently scanned fingerprint against the authorized directory stored inside the scanner. The weapon will unlock and can be fired if and only if a match is found.An issue yet to be remedied is the control of the users biometric data. A database of authorized users will need to be created and kept secured. Will a government agency have to be created to control of this data or will it be under the purview of the users? The second iss ue which has arisen is how many authorized fingerprints will be allowed per weapon? Should there be a limit or will it be at the owners discretion as to how many fingerprints are authorized? These issues must be solved before the technology is allowed to be sold to the public. Being efficient and effective is a must when it comes to policing this includes using any and all forms of modern technology.Relying on technology is a must especially when it comes to the need and the importance of vital information. Since this information can have an extreme amount of influence on any given the circumstance, it is important that the information being provided is accurate. Biometrics and GPS Tracking are important forms of modern technology that help provide such information such as facial recognition and location of suspects at a very accurate rate. Without the use of modern technology to aid the police with the work they do, providing efficient and effective police work can bring up di fficult.ReferencesFederal Bureau of Investigation. (2014, May 08). Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System. Retrieved from http//www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/fingerprints_biometrics/iafis Fox News. (2001, January 25). Smart Gun, Smart Solution? Retrieved from http//www.foxnews.com/story/2001/01/25/smart-gun-smart-solution/ global Security.org. (2011, July 13). Homeland Security Biometrics. Retrieved from http//www.globalsecurity.org/security/stsyems/biometrics.htm

One Nation Under Corn?

A position paper done in fall pop of 2012 on the cause and doctor of the industrialized lemon yellow whiskey make. I resolved on this subject after my own battle with illness. This battle, ended up changing my diet, and my life as it turns out. I have almost solely removed each gamboge derived product from my life (all-be-it difficult sometimes) and am a proponent of a purely organic vegetarian diet. ane commonwealth Under gamboge? Chad Cribb DeVry University virtuoso Nation Under Corn One of the many freedoms we enjoy in this slap-up country is the freedom to pick what you will eat and when you will eat it.Pull up to your favorite debased sustenance burger restaurant, and little thought goes into the entire process. From the drive there, to the ordering of your food, and the incase they are contained in. When we think more about it, as Michael Pollan did in his book, The Omnivores Dilemma, there is a all lot more handout on. Pollan dives deep into the heart of our nations fascination with the give crop and its many uses. Corn started out as a crop liberal to escape its people. But in this day and age, actually little is in reality eaten. Corn has become a giant in the food industry, at a low harm thanks in part to the politics assistance.We started this nation as one based in principle and in the pursuit of freedom. and now it seems corn. But who is the real beneficiary of this corn crop? And just as importantwho are the losers? Corn has been around since recorded history and has played a major role in trade and many complex social societies. Corns fan out across the globe began after contact between the European colonial powers and indigenous peoples of North and South the States. It continued on to Africa during the slave trades and was apply to actually pay for them. Whats more, it was a source of power for the African middlemen involved in the slave trade.Fast forward now to the 1940s and 1950s as corn and corn based foods be came crucial in the land market to sustain military troops during the war. It was after the war that the States saw a huge surplus in corn admit partly due to the new hybrid generators and fertilizers that had recently been manufactured. This surplus had a dramatic effect on the market and the market prices. It was these prices, over the geezerhood that caused unpredictable price swings (Wise 2005-9). As our world has increasingly grown thru the years, our fatality for more food has increased along with it.The polarity between the ii was unbalanced and by using the free market approach, farmers regularly had booms and busts in the market. Making farmers the target of continued and increasing depressed prices in their crop. The presidential term soon stepped in with The New Deal, in order to fiddle supply into line with demand, an approach known as supply counseling using conservation set-asides, a price floor guaranteeing a equitable price (like having a minimum wage), an d a grain reserve to bring off with over takings. What was not widely known, it appears, is the corporate-world began lobbying for a free market approach again.Beginning in the 1970s, they used the World Food Crisis and the Russian Wheat Deal to validate their argument to administration. Coupling that with the notion of getting government out of husbandry. The result of that was that prices collapsed by the late 1990s and the government had to bail out farmers with millions in emergency subsidy payments. Prices completely collapsed shortly after the 1996 independence to Farm Act, causing expensive taxpayer bailouts. By 2000, subsidies provided 49% of farmers net income. This has helped the corn industry to comprise 95% of all food grain produced in the States (USDA 2010).The governments well-intended approach to help prop up the industry, in fact, created a market dependent on the very subsidies that were created to help it. Between 1995 and 2006, the government paid out $56 b illion in corn subsidies (Wise 2005-12). Whats more, it helps create a market monopoly. With only 3 companies controlling 90% of the corn market, 2 companies controlling the corn seed market, and 4 companies controlling the high fructose corn syrup industry, the say should be clear. But as Pollan points out, Its not about who is profiting, only rather who is suffering (Pollan 2006).Most of what we see in the news is the emphasis rigid in the trials and tribulations of the farmer, for the benefit of the consumer. But is it really the consumer who benefits? If the price of food per kilogram calorie is the magic calculation, then the answer is yes. But if the average weight per person is, then the answer is no. As the corn industry set off and the number of companies shrank, corn began a new transformation into other split of the food industry and more. This came in the form of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), gasoline additives, plastics, and cattle scarper to name a few.Catt le feed now encompasses over 50% of the industrialized corn produced in the States (Wise 2005-11). The increase of this has helped create the perpetual cycle that has infested the industry, and moreover, the agricultural policy that affects it. The overproduction of corn has led to an overconsumption of corn mostly in an in send way. Americas agriculture and international trade policies have created an environment that breeds monopolies and corruption. lifesize business lobbyist has taken hold in an industry that believes in the piece of ass line.This philosophy has squeezed out the once popular sugar cane, and ushered in the cheaper, easily produced, HFCS for its products. Because the government has placed so many incentives on the production of corn, other more healthy crops have been left behind. Crops like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains have quickly become a thing of the past. The relationship between government and business has become as unhealthy as the population cons uming the products they produce. At one point, it almost looks like the industry cherished the market to crash and the government to step in.One would ask why anyone would compulsion that. Because subsidizing the industrial crop ensures it stays at a cheap price for one. Secondly, the corporations who buy corn to turn into high fructose corn syrup (used in almost every food product) or as feed for livestock, or ethanol for vehicles operations have profited by the billions. Thirdly, the corporate consolidation of our food trunk as whole. When you think about it, it reaches thru banks, seeds, fertilizers, grain traders, food processors, manufacturing plant, to retailing. Walsh says, This kind f uncompetitive market squeezes the farmer on both(prenominal) sides (Walsh-2009). This notion seems to place a lot of blame on the subsidies themselves. My controversy is that subsidies are not the problem with our food system, but merely a product of a broken system. To fix the farm polic y, legislators must outgrowth have a clear understanding of who wins and who loses under the current system and why. Also, the high tariffs placed on sugar cane need to be downsized to allow for balance in the market. But this is a prime vitrine of how the governments intention to help has unintentional consequences.I believe that the solvent of our problem today is the clinging to a free market food system. One that allows commodities like corn to be priced so low that would allow gargantuan business to develop monopolies over farmers and corn while reaping huge salary because of cheap corn. America now spends less of our income on food than any other generation in history (Pollan-2002). When you look at it in perspective, the agriculture our grandparents helped build was now growing fast food. This affecting our wallets, farmlands, and waistline.Some whitethorn say that our waistline and rate of disease are due to slothfulness and other factors. I disagree. I believe they ar e a direct relation to cheap, processed food made by cheap, industrialized corn. In order for us to decrease the consumption of corn, the government needs to forego its subsidizing of it. This will do two things. One, it let the markets adjust themselves at a rate that creates dependence on itself rather than assistance. Two, tighten the ability of lobbyist to affect change in agriculture and government policy that increase benefits to the very few.The bottom line here is this big business reaps profits at the expense of the farmer. And the consumer? Well. we are just scenery it seems in this great manipulation of industrialized food industry. And as I see it in an economy where every dollar counts, doesnt it make sense for the government to hang onto theirs? Pollan, Michael. The Omnivores Dilemma. A Natural History of Four Meals. April 2006 This well-known book has been called an eaters manifesto by critics and peers alike. Pollan, Michael. Whats America Eating? Smithsonian, June 2006. Retrieved on October 4, 2012 http//michaelpollan. om/ names-archive/whats-eating-america/ An member, written with a chronological touch, that takes reader from soup-to-nuts on the history of corn and how it came to western America. Pollan, Michael. When Crop Becomes King. NY Times. July 2002. Retrieved on October 1, 2012 http//www. organicconsumers. org/toxic/toomuchcorn071902. cfm An article written in a way that is easily understood for most. This article describes Zea Mays (original term) from Central America to what we know today as corn Walsh, Bryan. Getting Real About the High Price of Cheap Corn.Time Magazine. August 21, 2009. http//www. time. com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1917726-2,00. html Walsh is a elder writer for Time Magazine and a correspondent for the last 8 years Health Journalism Fellowship from the Center for ailment get over Foundation. As part of this fellowship, he attended training at the U. S. Centers for Disease Control during summer 2010. Wise, Timothy. Identifying the Real Winners from US Agricultural Policies. Tufts University. December 2005. Retrieved October 1, 2012. http//www. ase. tufts. edu/gdae/Pubs/wp/05-07RealWinnersUSAg. pdf